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Leo (Name of various rulers) (II)

the name of various rulers of acens, and Bulgarians having united against the empire, he called to his as- sistance the Turks, who entered Bulgaria, against the empire, he called to his aswhich they ravaged with fire and sword. Leo VI. drove the patriarch Photius from sistance the Turks, who entered Bulgaria, which they ravaged with fire and sword. emperor; for which Leo VI. deposed him. his seat; and Nicholas, one of the successors of Photius, excommunicated the emperor; for which Leo VI. deposed him.

He wrote some books, the most interest- 911. Also the name of various Popes, as printed at Leyden in 1612. He died in Also the name of various Popes, as follows: follows:

LEO I., surnamed The Great, Pope, succeeded Sextus III. in 440. He took a very decided part against the Maniand presided by his legates at the Gen- eral Council of Chalcedon two years council at Rome against Eutyches in 449, and presided by his legates at the General Council of Chalcedon two years on Rome, and Rome was saved. Leo I. later. When Attila invaded Italy, Leo I. afterward saved the city from being on Rome, and Rome was saved. Leo I. afterward saved the city from being burned by Genseric. He is the first Pope of whom we possess any written works.

He died in 461.

LEO II., Pope; born in Sicily, sucthority over the Eastern Church and was succeeded by Benedict II. He died in thority over the Eastern Church and was succeeded by Benedict II. He died in 683. ally treated while LEO III., Pope; born in Rome. He sucwas to acknowledge the suzerainty of ceeded Adrian I. in 795. His first act sending him the keys of St. Peter's and the standard of the city of Rome. In 799 a conspiracy was formed against him by two of the Roman clergy, and he was attacked and shamefully He escaped to Paderborn, to seek the assisting at the procession of St. Mark. protection of Charles, who sent him back with a powerful escort to Rome. In the and was there crowned by the Pope, em- peror of the Romans. A fresh conspirfollowing year, 800, Charles visited Rome, peror of the Romans. A fresh acy against Leo was discovered in 815, the authors of which were among the leading citizens of Rome and were condemned to death. He died the following year.

LEO IV., Pope, a Roman, succeeded Sergius II. in 847. The Saracens having invaded the Ecclesiastical States, he marched against them and obtained a complete victory; after which he put the founded the town of Leopolis. He died city of Rome in a state of defense and in 855.

LEO V., Pope, a Benedictine monk who, in in 903, succeeded Benedict IV., but was deposed by his chaplain Christopher. ing united nost in He died us Popes, & Great, Pop 440. He too st the Mar atics, held atyebes in 4 Jentinian Betoned ma Le the fir wntten w Sicily, Le claimed mrch and He die His firs close th at a co cluded -France. spiracy dinals, on other im the proje Turks, to comple Rome. T these sche indulgence Saxony be great ente bull again LUTHER. out afresh V. and Fre self first v with Charl and the fine of Greek a nanuscript Fersity and Florence ersally con ers." He LEO XI., Cected Pope ge, and diec LEO XII. ope; born us VII. in nevolent ch ppress bar rbonarism.

LEO XIII. en in Carpi was the sO ucated first erbo and t ano, be p le Ecclesia himself in sophy, H s, he was a a domesti e Segnatur orders, red of prothon nted in suc Benevento, to Belgiun created Ard y him for he was no and in the he was cre Septemb the Pope to amerlengo On the ardinal Pe ntative d the title LEO LEO VI., Pope, succeeded John X. in 928. He is said to have been put to death by Marozia.

LEO VII., Pope, was elected in successon of the celebrated Marozia. of Italy, and Alberic, Duke of Rome, the negotiated a peace between Hugo, King papal chair on the deposition of John LEO VIII., Pope, was elected to the son of the celebrated Marozia.

LEO VIII., Pope, was elected to the papal chair on the deposition of John XII., in 963, under the patronage of Otho I. On Otho's withdrawal John reentered Rome, and drove away Leo, but John dying soon afterward, Benedict V. was chosen Pope. The Emperor Otho subsequently took Rome, and exiling Benedict reinstated Leo, who died about 965.

LEO IX., Pope, previously named Bruno; born in Alsace, 1002. He was cousin to the Emperor Conrad the Salic, and peror Henry III., son of Conrad, and also 22. Through the influence of the Emperor Henry III., son of Conrad, and also 1048, to succeed Damasus II. as Pope. he was elected at the Diet of Worms, in 1048, to succeed Damasus II. as Pope.

In 1058 he led an army against the Normans in Italy, but was defeated and taken prisoner by their leader, Robert was confined at Benevento about 10 months, and falling ill was allowed to return to Rome, where he died in 1064. LEO X. (GIOVANNI DE MEDICI), Pope, son of Lorenzo the Magnificent, sovereign of Florence; born in Florence, Italy, in 1475. His father had him dedicated to the Church, and made a cardinal by Innocent VIII. at the age of 13 years. Exiled from Florence, with the rest of his family, in 1494, he spent some years in travel in Germany, France, and Flanders. In 1503 he returned to Rome and applied himself to the cultivation of science and the fine arts. He was appointed by Julius II. legate with the papal army, and in 1512 he was taken prisoner by the French at the battle of Ravenna, and only regained his liberty prisoner by the French at the battle of after the evacuation of Milan by the French. The Medici were restored to their supremacy at Florence by the arms French. The Medici were restored to of the Spaniards. In the following year, 1513, Cardinal de Medici was elected Pope on the death of Julius II., and made his entry into Rome on April 11, the anniversary of his capture at Rathe anniversary of his capture at Ra-

His pontificate of nine years is history in relation to great political changes, to the revival of literature and art, and, above all, to the Reformation.

Leo X. succeeded in terminating the dis- art, and, above all, to the Reformation. of Rome; he continued and brought to a venna.

LEO close the Council of the Lateran; and, at a conference held at Bologna, conspiracy formed against him by two car- France. In 1517 he discovered a condinals, one of whom was hanged, and the other imprisoned for life. He formed to complete the church of St. Peter at the project of a great war against the to complete the church of St. Peter at Rome. To raise the necessary money for these schemes he resorted to the sale of ces, the preaching of which in indulgences, Saxony became the occasion of Luther's great enterprise. Leo published his first LUTHER. At the same epoch, war broke bull against Luther in June, 1520. See self first with Francis, and soon after out afresh between the Emperor Charles with Charles. The patron of literature V. and Francis I., the Pope allying himand the fine arts, he encouraged the study of Greek and the collection of ancient manuscripts; restored the Roman University and the great Laurentian Library of Florence; and gained the name, uni- versity and the great Laurentian Library versally conceded, of "Restorator of Letters." He died in 1521. elected Pope 1605, at a very advanced LEO XI., Pope, of the Medici family, age, and died in less than a month.

LEO XI., Pope, of the Medici family, LEO XII. (ANNIBALE DELLA GENGA), Pope; born in Genoa, 1760, succeeded Pius VII. in 1823. He is noted for his suppress banditti and the remains of born in Carpineto, Italy, March 2, 1810.

LEO XIII. (GIOACCHINO PECCI), Pope; Educated first at the Jesuit College of He was the son of Count Ludovico Pecci.

Viterbo and the schools of the Collegio Romano, he proceeded to the College of Noble Ecclesiastics. He greatly signalized himself in mathematics, physics, and philosophy. Having become Doctor of Laws, he was appointed by Pope Gregory holy orders, received from the Pope the title of prothonotary apostolic, and was appointed in succession apostolic delegate Sent to Belgium as nuncio in 1843, was created Archbishop of Damietta to title of prothonotary apostolic, and was qualify him for the office. Three years later he was nominated Bishop of Per- 843, he was created Archbishop of Damietta to later he was nominated Bishop of Per- 1853, he was created a cardinal by Pius ed by the Pope to fill the office of Cardi- 1853, he was created a cardinal by Pius Church. On the death of Pius IX. in 1878 Cardinal Pecci was elected as the representative of the Moderates. He assumed the title of Leo XIII. He reof the Lateran; and, held at Bologna, conat with Francis I. of he discovered a conrainst him by two carm was hanged, and the life. He formed war against the out the same time of St. Peter at essary money for to the sale of g of which in occasion of Luther's published his first June, 1520. See epoch, war broke he Emperor Charles the Pope allying himcis, and soon after patron of literature ouraged the study collection of ancient red the Roman Unithe name, uni- 'Restorator of Let- 1521. of the Medici family, at a very advanced than a month.

LE DELLA GENGA), A. 1760, succeeded is noted for his d his attempts to the remains of d in 1829.

NO PECCI), Pope; March arch 2, 1810, Count Ludovico Pecci. the Jesuit College of schools of the Collegio eaded the College of eatly signal physies, and Doctor of Pope Gregory d Referendary He then took the Pope the ic, and was tolic delegate and Spoleto.

nuncio in 1843, he p of Damietta to the office. Three years Bishop of Per consistory of Dec. 19, ated a cardinal by Pius er, 1877, he was select. fill the office of Cardiof the Holy Roman death of Plus IX. in cel was elected as the the Moderates. He of Leo XIII. He ro LEO LEON stored the hierarchy in Scotland, and Pope, Celestine III., to take the title of composed the religious difficulty with Germany, so that when a dispute arose in 1885 between Germany and Spain as to the ownership of the Caroline Islands act as arbitrator. In political matters Leo permitted the Irish bishops to in- Leo permitted the Irish bishops to indulge their own views. In 1887-1888 there were great rejoicings at Rome to celebrate his Jubilee. In May, 1888, the eral terms the methods adopted by some of the Irish leaders in the Plan of Cam- POPE LEO XIII. paign. The following October he received a visit from the German emperor, William II. He regarded himself as the prisoner at the Vatican; refused the income voted him by the Italian Parliacome voted him by the Italian Parliament; and persistently declined to recog- 1893 he effected the establishment of a in the United States in the face of opposition by certain American prelates. In letter condemning 1899 he issued sition by certain American prelates. In 1899 he issued a letter condemning Hecker. He died in 1903. a Also the name of various kings of the Armenians, as follows:

Also the name of various kings of the Armenians, as follows: reign in 1123; taken prisoner by John Comnenus in 1137, he died in prison in 1141. LEO II., called The Great, grandson of the preceding, obtained permission of the emperor, Henry VI., and the king; reigned 1185-1219. LEO III., greatly aggrandized his kingdom; reigned 1269-1289. LEO IV., succeeded 1305, dethroned and slain by a Mongol general, 1308. LEO V.'s reign was devastated by civil wars and the invasion of 1361, was driven from his kingdom by the Sultan of Egypt, 1375, retiring to several villages in Massachusetts, in