Lubbock
SIR JOHN, an English archæologist, naturalist and politician; born in London, England, April 30, 1834.
He joined his father's banking business in 1848; became a partner in 1856; entered Parliament in 1870 as member for Maidstone; after 1880 represented London University. He was a recognized authority on financial and educational questions. He was also distinguished as LUBECK LUCBAN a man of science, being author of "Pre- machine for the purpose of reducing historic Times"; "Origin of Civilization"; friction and preventing abrasion. The "Origin and Metamorphoses of Insects"; substances used as lubricants vary great. "British Wild Flowers in their Relation ly with the use to which they are putto Insects"; "Ants, Bees and Wasps"; solids such as soapstone or graphite, "The Origin of Civilization and the Primitive Condition of Man"; "Buds and Stipules" (1898); "Marriage, Totemism and Religion" (1909). He died in 1913.
LÜBECK (lü'bek), a free city and state of Germany, on the Trave, about 10 miles from Travemünde, at its mouth in the Gulf of Lübeck, in the Baltic, 36 miles N. E. of Hamburg; lat. 53° 52′ N., lon. 10° 45′ 5" E.; area of state, 115 used to lubricate surfaces subjected to high pressure and running at low speed are one extreme; a light oil such as castor oil, used for the high speed, high extreme. The requirements of a good temperature airplane motor, is the other lubricant are: low coefficient of friction, stability under high temperature (high flash point), as fluid a body as possible to fulfill the requirements, since a high viscosity means a high coefficient of square miles; pop. about 100,000; the friction, freedom of acids or other inland is very productive; chief industry, jurious impurities which would react cattle raising. The city is built on a chemically with the metal of the bearing ridge between the Trave and the Wake- to which it was applied, and freedom nitz; environs well wooded, and enli- from impurities which cause gumming. vened with cheerful villas; streets wide, Various lubricants, designed for special the houses generally old, built of stone, and with their gable ends toward the street, are generally lofty, six or seven stories being quite common; has schools of surgery, navigation, etc., public library of 130,000 volumes. Prior to the World War Lübeck had large commercial interests, chiefly with the north and west of Europe.
Its date of foundation is uncertain, but it existed in 1140, was ceded to the dukes of Saxony in 1158, taken by the Danes in 1201; was made a free imperial city in 1226, when the Danish garrison was expelled; became the head of the Hanseatic League in 1241. The dissolution of the League marked the epoch of its decline. It was annexed to the empire in 1810, and regained its freedom after the battle of Leipsic in 1813.
LUBLIN (lö'blin), the capital of a Polish government (area 6,501 square miles; pop. about 1,575,000), on a subtributary of the Vistula, 96 miles S. E. of Warsaw; has a 13th century cathedral and manufactures of tobacco, beer, candles, soap, etc., and a large large trade in corn and wool.
It was plundered by the Mongols in 1240, 1344, and 1477; from the end of the 14th to the end of the 16th century was the principal commercial town between the Vistula and the Dnieper; except the gates, nothing now remains of its former walls. Here was signed in 1569 the treaty of union between Lithuania and Poland. Lublin was captured by the Russians in 1831.
The city was in the area of active warfare during the World War, and in 1914 a Russian army defeated Austrian forces rere. Pop. about 70,000.