Manhattan Island
at mouth of Hudson river, coterminous with the 13 miles long, with a width of 24 miles in the center, the area being about 22 square miles. Foundations are of rock.
See NEW YORK MANIA. See INSANITY.
MANICHÆISM, or MANICHEEISM (-ke'-), the religious system founded by Mani or Manes, who either claimed to be or was regarded by his followers as the Paraclete promised by Jesus (John xiv: 16, 17). Mani postulated two primal beings, Light (God) and Darkness, under the similitude of kingdoms, and from the latter Satan and his angels were born.
Adam owed his being to Satan. Continual conflict exists between the two kingdoms, and, when the Kingdom of Light is victorious, the world will be destroyed by fire, and the supremacy of God established. The ethics of the system were severely ascetic. The Manichæans were divided into two classes— divided into two classesthe "elect" and the "hearers." The former were bound to observe the three seals: (1) Of the mouth, forbidding aniimpure speech; (2) of the hands, forbidding the destruction of life, whether animal or vegetable; and (3) of the bosom, forbidding (probably) marriage (certainly offspring), since woman was regarded as the gift of the demons. The hearers were less strictly bound. The Old Testament was rejected, and only so much of the New taken as suited the peculiar tenets of the sect. They had a kind of hierarchy, and fasting was practised. The sect spread rapidly in the East, northern Africa, and southern Europe. It survived in various forms until the 10th century . mal food, the use of wine and milk, and