Manitoba
a Province of the Dominion of Canada; bounded on the N. W. and N. by the Northwest Territories, on the E. by the Province of Ontario, and on the S. by the United States; area, 251,832 square miles, with an approximate land area of 147,152,880 acres, of which about 13,000,000 acres are occupied; pop. (1916) 553,860; capital, Winnipeg.
Topography. The greater part of the province consists of prairie land, in a series of levels known as "steppes" or "benches" and dotted with growths of 52 51 50 Red Deer Copyright L.L. Poates Eng. Co., 1921 Assiniboine N Buchanan OBANADIAN Good Spirit Lake Springside GRAND Whitesand NADIAN R Red Deer L.
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BIGSBY 1. 49 deciduous trees, and about 30 miles E. of Winnipeg begins a swampy district, in which are occasional elevations of ground covered with cedar, spruce, white pine, of low elevation. Lakes, which are nutamarack. There are a few mountains of low elevation. Lakes, which are numerous, include Lake Winnipeg, Lake Winnipegosis, Lake Dauphin, and Lake Manitoba. The chief rivers are the Winnipeg, Assiniboine, and Red. Although the climate in winter is cold, the mercury sometimes falling to 50° below zero, it is healthful.
Soil. The soil, containing a higher percentage of phosphate and nitrogen than any other known virgin soil, is partly on a limestone formation and partly on a thick strata of hard clay, but now and then there are found unproductive sandy hills and alkaline patches. There is a luxurious growth of all kinds of vegetables and roots known to temperate climates.
Agriculture. Wheat, oats, barley, Indian corn, hops, flax, hemp, and all kinds of garden vegetables yield excellent crops. For wheat growing Manitoba presents peculiar advantages. Potatoes and all other root-crops thrive well, and the prairie grasses furnish good hay.
The total value of the crops in 1919 was $158,166,000. The live stock, dairy produce, poultry, and wool were valued at $191,730,000. There are about 50,000 farmers in the province.
Government. The affairs of Manitoba are directed by a lieutenant-governor, appointed for a term of five years by the Canadian Governor-General-in-Council, with an Executive Council of seven members, and a Legislative Assembly consisting of 49 members, who are chosen every five years by popular vote. The province is represented in the Dominion Parliament by four senators, appointed for life by the Governor-General-in- Council, and by 15 members of the Legislature elected by popular vote. The Council, and by 15 members of the judiciary includes a chief-justice, three judges of the Court of King's Bench, and judiciary includes a chief-justice, three three county judges.
Education. The public schools are free and non-sectarian, religious instruction being permitted only by the parents' consent. The reports for 1919 showed: 2,700; average attendance, 27,870. Col- 2,700; average attendance, 27,870. Colare connected with the public school sysare connected with the public school sysla Prairie, and other cities. Trade. In 1918-1919 the exports were valued at $22,906,768, and the imports at MANITOWOC 1,329 manufacturing establishments, with a capital of $101,145,033, 19,205 em- Manufacturing. There were in 1917 products, $122,804,881. visited this region. These companies History. In 1769 English fur traders were united in the Hudson Bay Company.
Manitoba was first settled about 1812, when the Hudson Bay Company conveyed a grant of land to Lord Selkirk, who sent out a number of colonists. These settled on the W. bank of the Red river, peg. In 1836 the territory was repur. 4 miles N. of the present site of Winnichased by the Hudson Bay Company, and was sold in 1867 for $1,500,000 to the British Government, which then transferred it to Canada. In 1870, under a law of the Candian Parliament called the Manitoba Act, the Province began its constitutional life. The French settlers, discontented by the transfer of the Province, formed a provisional govarrival of a British military expedition sition to Canadian rule collapsed. With the completion of the Candian Pacific railway in 1886, Manitoba entered upon the completion of the Candian Pacific a new era.
See CANADA. province of Manitoba, about 40 miles