Mansard
SARD, FRANÇOIS (mong-sär'), a French architect; born in Paris, France, Jan. 23, 1598. He built several churches, and other public edifices in Paris. He died in Paris, Sept. 23, 1666. His nephew, JULES HARDOUIN MANSARD; born in Paris, April 16, 1646, was also an excellent architect, and the superintendent of the royal edifices. He built the palaces MANSFELD of Versailles, Marly, and the Great Trianon, the Hospital of the Invalides, etc. He died in Marly, May 11, 1708.
MANSFELD (mäns'felt), COUNTS OF, an old German noble family (founded about 1060), whose ancestral castle stood at the E. end of the Harz Mountains, 14 miles N. W. of Halle. COUNT PETER ERNEST I., afterward elevated to the rank of a prince, was born July 15, 1517. Having taken part in Charles V.'s expedition against Tunis, and distinguished himself afterward at the siege of Landrecies, he was made by the emperor governor of the duchy of Luxemburg. But in 1552, while raiding in Champagne, he was taken prisoner by the French, and not ransomed till 1557.
He fought against them again at St.
Quentin. On the outbreak of the revolt the i in the Low Countries he made a name as one of the cleverest generals in the Spanish service. In 1597 he retired to Luxemburg, where he had gathered a valuable collection of antique art, and died there May 22, 1604. His illegitimate son, PETER ERNEST II., usually called COUNT ERNEST VON MANSFELD, was born at Luxemburg in 1580 and served his apprenticeship to war in the Austrian service in Hungary and in the Juliers dispute. As part of his reward he was promised his father's possessions; but finally they were refused to him. He thereupon went over to the side of the Protestant princes. He assisted the Duke of Savoy against the Spaniards (1613-1617), and in 1618 was dispatched to Bohemia to aid the Count-Palatine Frederick, and captured Pilsen and other strongholds. But the disaster of the Weissenberg compelled him to retreat to the Palatinate, from which he carried on for nearly two years a semipredatory war on the imperialists, defeating Tilly at Wiesloch (April, 1622). When Frederick abandoned the struggle, Mansfeld fought his way through the Spanish-Austrian forces to take service for the United Netherlands, beating Cordova at Fleurus. At the bidding of his new masters Mansfeld chastised the Count of East Friesland, and then, dismissing his army, retired into private life at The Hague. But in 1624 he resumed active work again at the solicitation of Richelieu. With an army of 12,000 men, raised mostly in England, he renewed the struggle on the Lower Elbe, till in 1626 he was crushingly defeated by Wallenstein at the bridge at Dessau. Once more raising a force of 12,000 in Brandenburg, with these and 5,000 Danes he marched by way of Silesia to join hands in Moravia and Hungary with Bethlen Gabor of Transyl- MANSFIELD vania. But the French and English subsidies failing, he was making his way to Venice with a few officers to raise fresh moneys when he fell sick and died, at Racowitza, near Serajevo in Bosnia, Nov. 29, 1626.