Maria Louisa
Empress of the French, second wife of Napoleon I.; born in Vienna, Austria , Dec. 12, 1791. She was the eldest daughter of Francis I., Emperor of Austria, and of his second wife, Maria Theresa of Naples. In 1810 she was married to the emperor, then in the zenith of his power; in 1811 she presented her husband with a son-afterward called King of Rome to the great joy of the French nation; and, in 1813, on his departure to the army, she was nominated regent. In 1814 she refused coldly to accompany Napoleon to Elba, on the plea of ill-health; and having obtained, by treaty with the allied powers, the duchies of Parma and Placentia, etc., she repaired thither with her chamberlain, Count Neipperg, for whom she had conceived an attachment, and whom she subsequently married. She died in Parma, Italy, Dec. 17, 1847. MARIAMNE (-am'nē), an unfortunate Jewish princess, granddaughter of Aristobulus and of Hyrcanus the highpriest, and wife of Herod the Great. Her history is related by Josephus in his "Antiquities," commencing at Book XV., from which it appears that Herod was excessively fond of her. She was con- Salome, her husband's sister, on a false charge of adultery, 28 B. C. She met her fate with an air of grandeur and demned to death by the machinations of 10 children by him. A conspiracy, which intrepidity worthy of her noble ances broke out on the night of Aug. 13, 1836, try, and was bitterly lamented by the exposed Muñoz to great danger, and led king after her decease. Another Marithe queen-mother to concede a constitu- amne, wife of Herod, was the daughter tion to Spain. A popular commotion, caused by the law respecting the Ayuntamientos, obliged her to give to the prime mini minister Espartero, Oct. 10, 1840, of Herod-Philip, who married Herodias. of Simon, the high-priest, and mother