Montessori
MARIA, an Italian doctor and educator; born in 1870, she MONTESSORI, MARIA, an Italian received the degree of doctor of medicine when she was twenty-four years old, received the degree of doctor of medicine being the first woman in Italy to secure that degree. By her work as a doctor among feeble-minded children she became interested in the subject of their education. Her success in this field turned her attention to the education of normal children. In 1907 the House of Childhood was founded under her direction, and since that time others have followed. instruction used by Dr. Maria Montesto learn to write. "Reading" is learned by the application of similar methods.
The rôle of the teacher in all this work the old system. The material itself does is radically different from that under the teaching, for it contains the control of errors. The teacher does not impart the teaching, for it contains the control silent presence." capital of Uruguay, on a small peninsilent presence." information; she is a "passive force, a La Plata, 130 miles E. S. E. of Buenos sula on the N. coast of the estuary of the Ayres. It is one of the best built towns extracts of flesh. Montevideo sends out in South America. The chief exports above half the whole exports of Uruguay, Ayres. It is one of the best built towns La Plata, 130 miles E. S. E. of Buenos and receives all but a small fraction of the imports. Pop. (1918) 378,993. and receives all but a small fraction of above half the whole exports of Uruguay, Ensign Gilbert, her mother of Spanish an Irish adventuress; born in Limerick, Ireland, in 1818. Her father was an her Europe, and brought up at Montrose, in Paris, and at Bath. To escape the match, ried, "Lola" was sent home in 1826 to MONTEZUMA II. arranged by her mother, with an old judge, she eloped with a Captain James, whom in July, 1837, she married, but the marriage ended in a separation. She appeared as a dancer in London and other European capitals. In 1846, at Munich, she captivated the eccentric King Louis I., who created her Countess of Landsfeld, and allowed her $25,000 a year. For more than a year she was all-powerful, her power directed in favor of Liberalism and against the Jesuits; but the revolution of 1848 sent her once more adrift. Again she married (this time a Lieutenant Heald), a marriage as unlucky as the first. She died, a penitent, in Astoria, L. I., on Jan. 17, 1861.
MONTEZUMA (mon-te-zö'mä) II., surnamed XOCOJOTZIN, or "THE YOUNG- ER," 9th King of Mexico; born about 1476. He was elected on the death of his grandfather, in 1502. He had distinguished himself as a general, and at the time of his election held the office of high priest. He dropped the mask of moderation and humility, was crowned with more than usual pomp. He dismissed from his court and palace all plebeians, and gave their employments to persons of noble birth, alienating the affections of his subjects. He carried on almost continual wars with the neighboring provinces. In 1519, Cortez and the Spaniards invaded the empire and approached the capital. Montezuma sent presents and complimentary messages to them, but was in the utmost terror.
He at length went with a magnificent cortege to meet Cortez, and conducted him into the city, where, after eight days of ceremonious civilities, Cortez made Montezuma his prisoner, and had irons put on his legs. They were, however, soon removed, and he professed himself the vassal of Charles V. He remained inflexible in the matter of religion. Left by Cortez, in 1520, in charge of Alvarado, and a small body of Spaniards, severe conflicts took place in the city, which were renewed on the return of Cortez. The Mexicans assaulted the city and Montezuma, while standing on the walls, exhorting his subjects to submit, was wounded by Mexican arrows, and by the blow of a stone, before the Spaniards could save him. He refused all food and attendance to his wounds, and died June 30, 1520.
MONTFERRAT sale. After the downfall of the Frankish empire, Montferrat was ruled by its own marquises till the beginning of the 14th century. This house sent its most illus- MONTEZUMA MONTFERRAT (mông-fer-rä'), formerly an independent duchy of Italy, between Piedmont, Piedmont, Milan, and Genoa, trous sons to take part in the Crusades, now forming part of the kingdom dom of of especially Conrad, the defender of Tyre Italy. It consisted of two separate por- against Saladin, and Boniface, ruler of tions, both lying between the Maritime Thessalia. Iolande or Irene, sister and Alps and the Po. The capital was Ca- heiress of the last male of the house, MONTFORT was Empress of Constantinople. In 1631 the Dukes of Savoy obtained a portion of Montferrat, and in 1703 the remaining portion.