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National Convention

in France, a legislative body constituted in the hall of the Tuileries, Sept. 17, and formally opened, Sept. 21, 1792, when M. Grégoire, at the head of the National Assembly, announced that that assembly had ceased its functions. It was then decreed, "That the citizens named by the French people to form the National Convention, being met to the number of 371, after having verified their powers, declare that the National Convention is constituted." This convention continued NATIONAL OBSERVATORY etc., are well represented. In the department of the "British and modern schools" the largest additions as yet made by private munificence are the gift of 157 pictures, made in 1847, the bequest of Joseph M. W. Turner, R. A., in 1856, the bequest of Henry Vaughan in 1900, and of George Galting in 1910. There are also national galleries of art in Edinburgh and Dublin; the great public collections of Paris, Berlin, Dresden, Munich, Florence, Rome, etc., are mentioned in the articles on those cities. NATIONAL GUARD. See MILITIA, STATE.

NATIONAL MONUMENTS. On June 8, 1906, Congress passed a law which gave to the President power by proclamation to declare historic landmarks, and objects of historic or scenic interest that are on property controlled by the United States, National monuments. They are not materially different from National parks, except that Congress has never appropriated ated money for their maintenance nor created any especial commission to provide rules for them. Consequently they are distributed for the purposes of government between the Secretary of Interior, the Secretary of War, and the Secretary of Agriculture. Those controlled by the Secretary of Interior are: Natural Bridges, Utah (2,740 acres), containing the Augusta Bridge, El Morro, N. M., an enormous rock on which the early Spanish explorers have carved inscriptions; and Muir Woods, Cal. (295 acres). Under the control of the Secretary of War is Big Hole Battlefield, Montill a new constitution was organized, tana (5 acres). Under the jurisdiction and the executive directory was installed of the Secretary of Agriculture are: at the Little Luxembourg, Nov. 1, 1795.

The Chartists in England formed a National Convention in 1839. NATIONAL DEBT. See DEBT, NA- TIONAL.