Niigata
a seaport of Hondo, Japan; on a narrow strip of land at the mouth of the Shinano river; er; opened to foreign trade in 1869. The harbor does not admit of the entrance of vessels of foreign build, and the roadstead is exposed; the foreign trade has therefore remained only nominal. Pop. about 62,000. her way to the East, where she rendered phenomenal existence of which man is invaluable service to the sick and wounded by her incessant labors in nursing and hospital reform. The strain, both mental and physical, which this work demanded permanently injured her health; yet notwithstanding her confinement to a sick-room, she continued to give her experience in the interest of hospital reform, and for this purpose she was consulted during the American Civil War and the Franco-Prussian War. She published "Notes on Hospitals" (1859), "Notes on Nursing" (1860), "On the Sanitary State of the Army in India" (1863), "Notes on Lying-in Institutions" (1871); "Life or Death in India" (1873): etc. She received many acknowledgments of her services to humanity from many governments. One of the figures of the Crimean Memorial in Waterloo Place, London, is that of Miss Nightingale. She died in London, Aug. 13, 1910.