North Dakota
a State in the North Central Division of the North American Union; bounded by Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Minnesota, South Dakota, and Montana; admitted to the Union, Nov. 2, 1889; counties, 53; capital, Bismarck; area, 70,195 square miles; pop. (1890) 182,719; (1900) 319,- 146; (1910) 577,056; (1920) 646,872.
Topography. The surface of the State is chiefly undulating prairie with occasional low hills. The great plateau of the Missouri extends across the State E. of the Missouri river, and the Turtle Mountains on the Canadian border contain the highest points in the State, Butte St. Paul, 2,500 feet, and Bear Butte, 2,400 feet. The principal rivers are the Missouri, navigable throughout the State, and formed by the affluents Yellowstone, Little Missouri, Heart and Cannon Ball; the Mouse entering North Dakota from Canada and returning after a long circuit; the James river, the longest unnavigable river in the world; the Cheyenne; and the Red River of the North, for forming the E. boundary.
This river flows through a broad level plain, 50 to 60 miles wide and suffi- NORTH DAKOTA ciently elevated to be free from inundation, and containing some of the richest bottomland mould. The James river valley is one of the most noted artesian well districts in the world. There are numerous small lakes, but the only important one is Devil's Lake in the Turtle Mountains, an inland sea, with saline water and no visible outlet.
Geology. The entire State has been inundated several times, the glacial drift being overlaid with lake mud. The entire Red river valley is the bed of an extensive lake, and railroad excavations have found lake shore lines, with sand and gravel beds. The W. portion of the State is underlaid with lignite, a brown coal, which burns readily and makes super superior gas. Natural gas has been found, and brick and potter's clay are widely distributed. The Turtle Mountain region contains valuable building stone, and the Red river valley salt, limestone, hydraulic cement, and iron. Soil and Agriculture. The soil, especially in the Red river district, is exceedingly fertile, the clay subsoil being nearly as fertile as the topsoil, and both free from stones. The principal forest trees are oak, birch, aspen, cottonwood, ash, willow, box-elder, plum, and bullcherry.
The production and value of the leading crops in 1919 were as follows: corn, 16,764,000 bushels, valued at $23,470,- 000; oats, 38,400,000 bushels, valued at $25,728,000; barley, 14,950,000 bushels, valued at $16,146,000; wheat, 53,613,000 bushels, valued at $129,207,000; rye, 15,- 560,000 bushels, valued at $18,828,000; hay, 908,000 tons, valued at $12,803,000; potatoes, 5,607,000 bushels, valued at $9,072,000.
Manufacturers. There were in 1914 609 manufacturing establishments in the State. The average number of wage earners was 3,275. The capital invested amounted to $14,213,000. Wages paid amounted to $2,416,000. The value of materials used was $14,482,000, and the value of products was $21,147,000. The principal articles of manufacture include flour and grist (70 mills), printing and publishing, masonry, saddlery and harness, packed meat, tobacco and cigars, railroad cars, carriages and wagons, millinery, clothing, dairy products, foundry and machine shop products, timber and lumber, furniture, fire brick, and hydraulic cement.
Banking. On Oct. 31, 1919, there were reported 174 National banks in operation, having $6,515,000 in capital, $4,255,316 in outstanding circulation and $4,367,030 in United States bonds.
There were also 706 State banks, with 104° A B 102° Virden Griswold NORTH DAKOTA SCALE OF STATUTE MILES 20 30 40 SCALE OF KILOMETERS 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 05 10 County Towns Ο 49 2 N A F N D Skermo Ambrose Crosby VI Plumer • Clinton I o Daneville Muddy Sandy D 50 60 Railroads Columbus Portal Paisleyo Newport South Antler North Antler Heart Sonth Carnduff Sherwood Patterson Noonan Fern Flaxton Cedar Alden Regent Graber Ball Bowbells E Wildrose Stordak WILLIAMS Marmon Cow Polege Tioga Ray U Wheelocko Spring Brook Cr.
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Souris A Deloraine Whitewater Fayette Boundary Somber Assiniboine N Wawansea E F G 97° H Lorette • Aweme Soine River Glenboro • Belmont I Stroud Killarney Ninga Rock L.
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T Pembina Pilot Mound A A A Elm Creek Carman Manitou Bachelor St.John lor St. John Boundary Antwerpe Woodbridge Hannalhaida Picton penter o Kelvin Bertha Goodall INDIAN RES. FORT BERTHOLD IND. RES Tarsus Alcide Laureat Souris Turtle Cordelia Mts.
Bottineau court L Ο Marden E B Rosenfeido Noonan Ernesto Morris A Red 60 SCALE OF KILOMETERS B Fern 70 Rat Charitz R.
Roseau Strathburn Dominion City Emerson St. Vincent Spel Bruce R. Keate SCALE OF STATUTE MILES Tyner Ba Wales Stilwell Vang Leydeno 80 50 Mt.Carmer Daniels Dresden Mona Armourdale Ellsberry Saginaw Lansing Rocklake Brumbaugh crocus Calvin Rockspring Sams Russell Grand Lansford Upham Willow City N Lordsburg ROLETTE Gronna Donnybrook Questad Hills White Earth Palermo Manitouo Ross Stanley Tagus MONTRAIL Cannon Pretty Rock Janesburg Nesson Grinnell Banks Tobacco Cr. Garden هد.
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R R Kramer Thorne Mars Perth Vomemee Overly T Fisher Columbus Carlisle Pratt ford Two Rennie 90 Clyde o Langdon Trier Munich Easby Rosehill Os Rolette TOWNER Mylo o Bisbeed Olmstead Stanley Denver Calmar q Dead Marshall Broncho Deepriver. Oakland Barton enburn Amy LE Bantry Saline Markville Lynch Tasker م DeeringM Grassiakeo Cremerville Blue Mt. Hiddenwood MCHENRY anbridge Denbigh Towner Berwick M Hebron Bethold Lonetree Burlington Granville. Riga U New Salem slac Minot Surrey Norwich Hecker Star Villard Linusvilleo Caughey Hesnault Greland Sawyer Velva Laza 0 Olive Makoti U Ryder Heart Mandan Voltaire Balfour Drake eatstone Perley Douglas Go Park Dogden Buttes Lake Turtle - Cremerville Blue Mt. Mowrer Raub.
Rosegleno Blackwater Garrisono Elbowoods M CoEmmet L Ft Expansion MUVEN Bertholdo Defiance Kasmero Halliday N N EMMONS Tell Broncho Malcolm E Wiprudd FT.STEVEN Old Ft.Stevenson Darling Manhaven Coah Coal Sta.
Hancock Underwood Basto Krem MERGER Hazen Knife Marshall River Stanton Harbor Turtle Lake Weller Deapolis Conkling Nisbet Hannover Turtle Stark Hurdsfield Hulto Hensler • Sere Gaines/Aste Sanger OLIVER a Otter Creek Nelson Woods Yucca Butte Bluegrasso Rosebud. Harmon Belfield Dickinson Taylor Richardton Hebron Zenith Sonth HeartS TARK Lehigh Gladstone Antelope M Gaylord K Ranger Badland Midway L 0 P Hume Antelope Shollsmade North Cr Heart White BuThirty May Butte Graberhirt Willa o Camel New England- Wirch Regent Buttes HETTINGER Mineral De Sarto Chanta Peta Pierce Mound Bessie Sprs.o Marmarth Chenoweth Pine Beaver Scoria Hills F Bowman Paoli Little South Fork o Stillwater Twin Buttes Buffalo Sprs.
Winship Tepee Berry Hoosier Le Buttes Edton Wolf Cannon 6 Alden Cedar Cann goo Buttes non Wolf OWMAN Whetstone Butte Ludlow Gascoyne o Re Haley Batte Mott Ball Heart 0 Brazil O Calio Banner Alsen Mountain Akra O Blowesmont Now esta 60 100 St Thomas Pittsburg Soper Union Garda Crystal] Crystal Drayton Osnabrock Milton Nekoma Loma Hampden Mel Fairdale Hoople Auburn Elora Palda Dymond Cando Edinburg Nash Cashel Starkweather Dernick Adamse Park Oakod Coolin Evanston Maza些。 anson Edmore Geoff Norton River Park Grafton Ad Leland L ero Hurricane Fer Pleasant Knox • York Lake Garske Benzion Linstad W LSH Kellogg O nae Risek Veseler VOSS Degroato Webster awton Latona Praba Hesnault Grelland Lonetree Bethold Churchs RAMSE SEY Ferry Penn Fox Lakeo Carnduff • Fordville Lambert Beyrout Fillmore Bainsinade sackson Grand Harbor Brocke Polemine P Anamoose Martin Cheyenne Lincoln SHERIDAN Mercer Devils. Lake Fishlake Minnewarkans Denils Keitho Crary Esmond Alberto Granams Lれん Douglas R Klara Harvey Island Hesper Maddocko Flora Surrey Deering Sheyenne Twiste Divide o Eden o Lore Acton R ville Minto Warsaw ~ Ardo Forest River Inkster Johnstown, Bellevilleor Big Petersburg Orro Gilbyo Manver Viaga Pilot Honeyford • Bart 2 ota Dokken Doyon. Mapes Michigan North Totion N م McCanna Mekinock Kellys Turtle Valsh ville University O Rivers H R.
Warren S 48 NELSONShawnee Armilla Emevado Grand Stump Dissmore Harrisburg Sheyenne Crosier McVille MCHENRY Saline Upham Manfred Kiner Fessenden Bue Larimore.
GRAND FORKS Forks, Kempton Merrifield Fergus Northwood Thompson Bentru Whynot Deehn Ottofy Aneta Lakewood Holmeso Morris Freeborno Tiffany New Rockford Barlow Cathay WELLS Emrick Heaton Hurdsfield Chasley/ reer McClusky Goodrich Bowde Denhoff Stark Οι Phoenix Moyersville Wallace 70 Wilton • Wisner Painted Slaughter Ong Baldwin Bohan Wogansport Cromwell Manfred Arnold Frances Frettim McHenry Larrabee mert POSTER ykeston Carrington Haven Bordulac Melvilleo Brazil Gerber Edmundso Mose Finley Jessie Sharono Souris GRIGGS Ο Reynoldso Hatton Bellmont Buxton Goose ayville Red Cuming Portland RALL STEELE Cooperstown Sherbrooke O Blabon Hope Wilma Algeo Ashtabula Ninga Colgate Shepard Pleasantview Helena Kensal Hammaford Corinne Walum o Esler Courtenay Marstonmoor Pingree Wimbledon Balinett Fancher Roger Buchanan, ley Deer Lake Prairie STUTSMAN Eckelson Sanborn Oriska City Nelson Pariso Spring Valley Langedahl Sather Naughton Sibleybutte KIDDER Youngtown New Salem Medina Cr Sweetbriar qandan Bismarck McKenzie Glen Ullin Big Muddy Heart Chandler Bentley DA MS Weight Wolf Bucyrus E Fort Ransom Grand S A Copyright. L. L. Poates Eng. Co., 1921 B Cook Haynes man butte tutte Cr Clark Butte Noel Antelope m Leipzig Judson River Carson Louise Ball Fle Fleak GR R Heart R 2 Apple Menoken S Missouri ST Little Heart Strain Big St. Anthony Fallon کو Cr. کره Gwyther Dawson Jappen Driscoll Steele Divide Stewartsdale Parkin 円 Odense N Cannon Ball Je Flasher Dog Touth Dogtooth A N Three Buttes Shields Wade Chadwick Janesburg Coffin Pretty Rocke Hastings Swastika S Howe 0 نہ R σ Solen Brittin Glencoe Long L.
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Windsor Medina Cleveland Crystalsprings Streeter Eldridge o Alfred Gackle o 0 Napoleon LOGAN McHenry Cannon Ball Hampton EMMONS Linton Crosier Ville NELSO Beaver venson Winchester Emmonsburg Porcupine Cr Selfridge O Ft. Yates Strasburgo Winona Exeter Westfieldo Hull o Dale Glanayon Pollock River Nom T H Colgate Longitude D West R King Fredonia Lehr Hellwig MCINTOSH Ashley Venturia Coldwater Hague Zeeland • Lowell Greenway A from 100° Greenwich E Gray Dazey Leal • Matteson Fried BARNES Spiritwood Sanborn Jamestown Valley City Lanona Hastings Ypsilantis Montpelierb Dakota Maple Mouse Caledonia Clifford Blanchard Souris Huntero Weible O Grandin March Halstad Z Hendrum Harwood Page Erie Arthur Gardner Ayr Argusville o Absaraka Amenia Tower CA SS Agricultur Buffalo Casselton College Wheatland Mapleton Everest Cuba E Embden I Belmont Daily Lucca Eastedge Nome Barrie Sheldon Griswold Plymouth. Anselm Power Buttzville 。 Kathryn Fort Ransom Sharlow Litchville Ione Adriano Mariono Floyd Dickey Daniels Rush Grand Rapids Edgeleyo Berlin Kulm La Moure Lisbon Enderlin Osgood Addison Warren Woods Leonard Kundred Christin Walcott Sperr Colfax Dave uport Hickson Sandoun Sta.
Englevale RNSO Mor MoLeod P.O. Abercrombie Ve erona Glover Elliott Homestead Milnor DeLamere 3 47 Woodhull Galchutto Farming Dwight dmere Moon Lon F C Great Bende Manitou Clementy Hamples AR Fullerton Merricourt Monango Harlem ARGENT T Mantador Oukes Nicholson Marden Elm Creek Guelph Straubville Rutland Cayuga Geneseo Hankinson Fairmount Wirch DICKEY Elm SilverleafLudden Brampton Havana Newark Winship Edinburg Union Mount Concrete Beaulieu K Maple T Britton A 99° F 98° Blackmer G 97° H NORTH DAKOTA $11,515,000 in capital, $3,824,000 surplus, and $143,664,000 in resources.
Education. There was a school population in 1918 of lation in 1918 of 200,532. The enrolpublic schools was 162,572, with an average daily attendance of 114,542. There were 7,712 teachers reaverage monthly salary of $45.70. For higher education there were Northwestern Northwestern Normal College at Grand Fargo, University of North Dakota at Grand Forks, and the Wesley College at Grand Forks.
The schools had an endowment of land valued at about $50,000,000.
Churches. The strongest denominations in the State are the Roman Catholic; Methodist Episcopal; Presbyterian; Reg- lic; Lutheran, Independent Synods; ular Baptist; Congregational; and Lutheran, General Council theran, General Council.
Presbyterian; Reg- Railroads. The total railway mileage of main track line in 1919 was 1,445.
There were about 360 miles of secondary main line and about 3,400 of branch lines. The roads having the longest mileage are the Northern Pacific, the Great Northern , and the Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste.
Marie.
Finances. The receipts for the year ending 1918 amounted to $7,571,519 and the disbursements to $7,688,133. There was a balance at the end of the year of $1,369,607. The State has a bonded $412,000.
Charities and Corrections. The charitable and correctional institutions inand correctional institutions include a reform school clude a reform school at Mandan, a peni- Bismarck, hospital for the insane at Jamestown, school for deaf at Devils Lake, institution for feebleminded at Grafton , school for the blind at Bath Gate, and tuberculosis institute at Dunseith.
State Government. -The governor is elected for a term of two years and refor a term of two years and receives a salary of $5,000 per annum.
Legislative sessions are held biennially and are limited in length to 60 days each.
There are 49 Senators and 113 Representatives. There are 3 representatives in Congress. In 1920 the State government was Republican.
History. The first permanent white settlement was made in 1780 by a party of French Canadians , near Pembina. Fur trading posts were established early in Lewis and Clark spent the winter of 1804-1805 in the present town of Mandan. In 1810 Lord Selkirk built a fort at Pembina, suppossoil. The region was first opened to settlement by a treaty with the Dakota Indians in 1851. In 1861 the Territory of Dakota was organas capital, and in- NORTHERN BAPTISTS cluding Idaho, Wyoming, and Montana. and South Dakota, and these admitted The territory was divided into North to the Union as States in 1889. In November of that year the State government was formed and the first legislature convened.
NORTH DAKOTA AGRICULTURAL motion of scientific studies, especially COLLEGE, an institution for the pro- , an institution for the proagriculture, founded in 1890 at Agricultural College, North Dakota. It is almost entirely supported by appropriations from the State. It has faculties inary medicine, pharmacy, and literature of home economics, engineering, veterof home economics, engineering, veter- 1915 was 910. The endowment of the and science. The total enrolment in college consists of a land grant valued in 1919 at $3,500,000.
The annual income approximately 30,000 volumes. is about $250,000.
The library contains OF, a coeducational non-sectarian in- NORTH DAKOTA , UNIVERSITY stitution in Grand Forks, N. D., founded in 1883; reported at the close of 1919:
Professors and instructors, 89; students, endowment, $2,250,000; grounds and 1,088; volumes in the library, 64,500; buildings valued at $1,105,000; income, $500,000; number of graduates, 1,525; president, Thomas Franklin LL.D. president, Thomas Franklin Kane, Ph.D., for ships along the N. coasts of Eu-