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Parnell (THOMAS an Irish poet born)

THOMAS, an Irish poet; born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1679; was educated at Trinity College, and taking orders in 1705 was presented to the ciated with Addison, Congreve, Steele, chiefly in London. He was at first assoand other Whigs; but later joined the and other Whigs; but later joined the Tory wits, Swift, Pope, Gay, and Arbuthnot. He assisted Pope in his translation of Homer, and wrote the Life prefixed to it. By Swift's recommendation he obtained a prebend in the Dublin Cathedral and the valuable living of Finglass. After his death a collection of his poems was published by Pope in 1721. He died in 1717.

PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS, mostly elementary, maintained by religious denominations to provide instrucschools, tion in matters of religious faith as well as in secular studies. Two denomi- tion in matters of religious faith as nations only have provided a sufficient number of parochial schools for any con- nations only have provided a sufficient siderable number of their children: the Roman Catholic and the Lutheran. Of siderable number of their children: the these two denominations the former has much the larger system, and because of these two denominations the former has its extent Catholic authorities have their people, asserting that by supporting claimed exemption from school taxes for more than met their share of the general educational expense. It has been estimated that it would cost the nation one mated that it would cost the nation one educational expense. It has been estithe children now in the Catholic parochial schools.

Roman Catholics have always asserted that religious instruction should be inseparable from education in secular matters, so as to secure the proper type of that religious instruction should be inplenary and provincial councils Catholics plenary and provincial councils Catholics PAROLE have been exhorted and commanded to schools. A system of supervision of teachers in the schools was started in 1884, and since that date the number of children in Catholic schools has steadily increased. In 1900 there were 3,812 schools, in 1910, 4,972 and according to latest available figures there were 5,286 schools with 1,360,761 pupils. These schools are under the general charge of the bishop of the diocese who appoints activities. The parish priest is also a school boards for the parishes and gencontrolling influence in each local school. eral superintendents to supervise school The subjects studied are similar to those of the public schools with the addition, The subjects studied are similar to those however, of considerable instruction in the Catholic faith. The teachers are for such membership. In 1911 a teach- orders in the church or are in training usually members of some of the religious training of teachers in the Catholic orders in the church or are in training schools. For the most part these schools have confined themselves to elementary ers' college was established for the olic High Schools have been established under the direct control of the bishop of the diocese. There is also established work, but after 1905 a number of Cathat present a course of instruction starting in the elementary schools continuing in the high schools, and closing with a degree from the Catholic Universities in America. degree from the Catholic Universities in The other denomination supporting parochial schools is the Lutheran.

Here the schools are under the charge of send their children to Lutheran schools. the separate congregations and no at- They have been patronized for the most part by Germans and Norwegians who desire their children to retain some of the traditions of their homeland. The progress of the schools has been slow, in 1913 less than one-fourth of the children of Lutheran parents attended these paprogress of the schools has been slow, in ored of Teutonic culture these schools 1914-1920 and the result has been a decline in the number of children of Lutheran parents attended these pa- 1913 less than one-fourth of the children attending. attending. decline in the number of children 1914-1920 and the result has been a promise given by a prisoner on his honor