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Paul (Name of five Popes as follows)

the name of five Popes, as follows:

PAUL I., Pope; the successor of Stephen, in 757. He engaged_in dispute with Desiderius, King of the Longobards, but was taken under the protection of Pepin, King of the Franks. He died in 767.

PAUL II., Pope; succeeded Pius II. in 1464. He sought to organize a league of the Christian princes against the Turks, who at the time threatened to invade Italy, and also endeavored to establish peace among the different Italian States. He had a great dislike to profane learning, but he established the first Roman printing press (1463). He died in 1471.

PAUL III., Pope; named Alexander Farnese; was elected to the papal chair in succession to Clement VII. in 1534.

In his reign the Council of Trent was called. He established the Inquisition, confirmed the Society of Jesuits, condemned the interim of Charles V., and acted with rigor against Henry VIII. of England. Died in 1549.

PAUL IV., Pope; Giovanni Pietro Caraffa; born in Naples, in 1476; succeeded Marcellus II., in 1555. He established a censorship, and completed the organization of the Roman Inquisition; he took measures for the alleviation of the burdens of the poorer classes, and for the better administration of justice. He was embroiled with the Emperor Ferdinand, with Philip II. of Spain, with Cosmo, Grand-Duke of Tuscany. He died in 1559.

PAUL V., Pope; Camillo Borghese, born in Rome, in 1552; was elected in 1605, after the death of Leo XI. He had a dispute with the senate of Venice, but it was so firmly resisted that the Pope excommunicated the doge and senate.

He also raised forces against the republic; but the emperor and other states interfered and peace was restored (1607). He embellished Rome with sculpture and painting, and an aqueduct.

He was the founder of the Borghese family, one of the wealthiest in Italy. He died in 1621.

PAUL I., Emperor of Russia; born in 1754. He was the only son of Peter III. and his wife, Catharine II. He lost his father when eight years old, and was brought up by his mother with great severity and in seclusion from public af- PAUL fairs. His marriage to the Princess Mary of Württemberg, in 1776, did not free him from harsh treatment till, t on the death of Catharine. in 1796, he was proclaimed emperor. The hopes excited by some liberal measures in the first days of his reign were soon extinguished.

He joined the second coalition against France; and Russian armies appeared in Italy under Suwarrof, in Switzerland, and in Holland. But he afterward withdrew from it, and entered into friendly relations with Napoleon. His conduct became intolerable, and seemed, in fact, that of a madman. At length a conspiracy was formed against him, with Count Pahlen at its head; and he was murdered in his bedroom, March 24, 1801.