Porto Rico
the most easterly of the Greater Antilles Islands of the West Indies, a territorial possession of the United States. It has an area of 3,606 square miles. The island is roughly rectangular in shape. It is about 100 miles in length. The coast line is about 360 miles long, with comparatively few important indentations. A broken irregular range of hills passes across the island from east to west, ranging in height from 2,000 to 3,000 feet.
The annual range of temperature is from 90° to 50°, with an average of 76°.
Rail falls almost daily, the annual precipitation being nearly 77 inches. The island is famous for the number and size of its trees, which include several species of palms. There are also several varieties of hard wood useful in building. Although several metals occur on the island there is little or no mining.
Gold, carbonate, and sulphide of copper have been found. No systematic survey of the mineral resources of the island has been made.
The chief industry of the people is agriculture. The principal crops are sugar cane, coffee, tobacco, and fruit.
Of sugar, there were in 1918 256,431 acres under cultivation, and the total PORTO RICO production was 453,796 tons. The production in 1919 was 406,002 tons. The exports of sugar in 1919 amounted to 351,910 tons, valued at $48,132,419. The exports of leaf and scrap tobacco in 1919 were valued at $8,420,538. The coffee production decreased from 37,618,- 613 pounds in 1918 to 27,897,971 pounds in 1919.
In 1918-1919 1,307 American and foreign vessels entered Porto Rico from the United States and foreign countries.
The harbor of San Juan, chief port and naval station, has been improved and has an entrance of 600 yards square and 30 feet deep. There are about 1,100 miles of road on the island and about 339 miles of railway. The railway system nearly encircles the island and also penetrates the interior.
The total enrollment in the public schools in 1919 was 160,794. The total number of children of school age was about 440,000. There were enrolled in the rural schools about 98,000 pupils, and in the elementary schools about 54,- 000. Great advances have been made in education since the American occupation of the island.
Health conditions have greatly improved under the American administration, owing to the installation of sanitary systems in the larger cities and to more careful attention to sanitation in all parts of the island.
The total receipts for the fiscal year 1918-1919 amounted to $13,578,608, and the disbursements to $13,017,734. There was a balance on hand on July 1, 1919, of $5,022,316.
Government. - Porto Rico is governed in accordance with the terms of the Act of Congress of 1917. American citizenship was granted to the people. There is a representative government, the franchise being restricted to citizens of the United States, 21 years of age or over. The executive power resides in a governor, appointed by the President of the United States. There is a legislature of two elective houses. The Senate is composed of 19 members and the House of Representatives of 39 members. There is a resident commissioner to the United States who has a seat in Congress. There are six heads of departments which form a council to the governor known as the executive council. There is a Supreme Court of five members, appointed by the President, and seven district judges appointed by the governor. There are also municipal courts, the judges and officials of which are appointed by the governor.
History.-Porto Rico was discovered by Columbus on his second voyage, in 1493, and was afterward visited by 18 Pt. Agujerada Pt. Borinquen Guerrero Pt. Ensenada o Montana Camaceyes ADESSFJ Puntas Pt.Jiguero 2 C.San Francisco ONA 18 15 3 18 Aguadilla Aguadilla Bay Enser Jubos Pt. Isabela Guayabo Isabela S.Jose Quebradillag A N Quebrada Seca Ar Tunas p Pt. Maronguay Grande Jimenez R. Bellaca Yeguada Camuy Mambrillo Capes Carolina CanovanasMameyes Naranjito Ceibaabajo Caimisal Centro entro Roda Yslote Cambalache Hatoabaja Hatoarriba Corcobados Dominguito o Abrahonda Pt. Labadero eguas Pt. Harbor Maunabo Quebrada Honda Pt. Motud Puntayboca ero Montones Jacora Luisa Algarraboso Pt. Puerto Neuvo Yeguada Submarine to Jamaica.
Gartlo Pt. Cerro • Cibuco Scente • Maguallo
Rioarriba Manati Vega Baja Rio Lajas Santa Ana Hato- Daban viejo Florida o Sablanahoyon Arenalejos Lascocos) Puente Arenales OS. Antonio Planas Cienaga Salto Charcas Colosa Palmas Robles Salto Guajataca Guajaluca Yeguadilla Labeurera Cibao Los Puertos Puertos A R Alto Magos Callejones o Quebradura Juncai o Cibao Calabaza Espi Moca 이 Aguadro Palmas Cruzes o nadaguabo Rincon Cabache Corsega Playap e San Sebastian Capa Jaguey, unas Sonadoro Altosanoo Guacia Cerrogordo Anas Carreras Rioarriba & Las Marias Anasco OV Mirabales Lares, Buenosai R. Blanco Tres Hermarres Algarrobo Pt. Micadera o Rio Canasabajoo O Sabanita Consomo Mayaguez Bay Mayaguez
Rio Hondo Matezas R Mayaguez Playa Sabaloso Pt. Guanajibo Rio Prieto Naranjales Montuoso Saenz Hills Maricao Indieras. 0 OS Tanama Mirabal Los Angeles Latorre Caguanao Bartolo Roncadero Santa Isabel Oponeo M Mariacas Jayalesd Rosario Hormigueros Montoso Tabunucio Pt. Arenas L. Joyuda Lueyo Guomao Sta. Ana Joyuda Bay FANDUCA KEY Miradero R Grande ecibo Quebradahonda Rioarriba Miraflores R Cariaco Utuado Po Saltoarriba Guaricos C Tetuan Cordillera Alon 20 Hatoviejo Almirantes Bociales Limon Fronton Mameyas Jayuya Pesa Abajo Sabanagrande Viviabajo Viviarribao Arenaso Cordille Yalmeca Lunari Cuayo Cialltos Pozas Centra • Toronegro Pl. Boca Jugna Espinosa
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Pt. Vacia Telegas St Thomas Cangrejos Bay Pt.Cangrejos Pt.
Maria San Juan Cangrejos Pena Cangrejos Sabana Abajoo Torrecillas Pinones Za Pt. Iglesia San Antonio Hoyomulas Pt. San Augustin Medianbaja Pt . Overo N G ✓ Embarcaderos Pt.
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Susuao bas Susua Alta La Plata Guanica MATE 1. Montalva R COREAL KEY MONA ISLAND and PASSAGE SCALE OF MILES 6 6 10 16 ATLANTIC MONITO 1. (Little Mona 1.) Mona Pt Proposed Naval Base West Pt.
N. W. Pt プ North Cape MONA Mayagues Dist.) aya East Cape ES.W.Pt. S.E.Pt. 18° Caigo o no Caigo Pt.
TORREMOTO KEYS CARIBBEAN Longitude West 670 Pt. Brea 67130 Pueblo Indi Bo o Collores Frailes Saltillo Guarajito Guayabalo Sierra Rucio Macona Yagua Callabo Llano S.Domingo Realo Guando Almacigobajo Magas Portugueso Yauco Penuelaso Pueblo Toa Padilla Barnaalto Pt. Verraco Canas Coto o NAbajo C Sta. Catalina Emajagual Coamo Los L'anos Lomas Juana Diaz Los Banos Tijeras Ponce Sabanetas Amuelas Rio Canasarril Tallaboaponiente o Playa CARIBE 1.
Guayanilla Harbor Morovis Pt. Guayanillas Ballena Bay Guanica Harbor B 66945 Aguadilla Bay Aguada CaimaLo DESECHO 1.0. San Francisco Puntas (To Mayagues Dist.) OCEAN Ensenada Rioarriba Cabache Corsega Playa Playa Grande Pt. Algarrobo Mayaguez Bay BAJIO NEGRO (Black Bank) PINERO 1.
BAJIO DE LA MEDIA LUNA (Half Moon Bank) Port Beal GALLARDO Pt. Quanaquilla SEA SHOAL Boqueron Bay from 67/30 Greenwich Copyright L. L. Poates Eng. Co., 1921 RATONES IS..
Garcia Juana Diaz. Los Banos?
G Piedraso Plata Algarrobaso Cayeyo Rincon Pastor Pedro Sumido Avila Gurabo Rincon Caruas Mamey Lirios Turabo Luquillo Martinique Pt.San Diego C.San Juan Quebrada Fajardo Juan Martin Las Cabezas Hatoviejo o Florencia Fajardo 오 18, 30 CORDILLERA REEFS 2 PALOMINOS 16.
Pitagalia Fajardo Farjardo El Yunque Demajagu Saco Rioarriba o Ceiba Guraboabajo Rio Blanco Maizales Juncos/Boqueron Ceiba RLiebrado Piedras o Collores dguabo RAMOS.
Pt. Figuero Pt.
Medio Mundo Machosia PANEROS Naguabe Daguso ag Turabu San Lorenzo Humacao Santiago Culebras Cerrogordo Montones Jaguas Quebradahonda Ea Lomas Gua Important towns are shown In heavy face type Farallono Quebrada Guyon Mt.Torito Cedro R. Guyon Janca Palmarejo Jueyes Descala. S. Felicia o Pinyn brado Boca o Goame O Montellano ra de Coa yey acora Co-Mariana Teja Guayanes Yabacoa IS PiPuerca 18 PUERCA 1. 151 ranao Quayacon Hunda Bay Lima • Quebrada Seca CABRAS 1.
Pt. Cascajo CRAB HucaresoAlgodones Bar Resolution Punta Port Naquaho Arenas Pt.
Pt. Lima SANTIAGO KEYS Catanol Morro de Humacao Pt.de la Vaca de Pt. Candelero Juan Martin Labucoa Harbor Mulas Lisas Paloseeos Talante Matamella o Lapa Cercadillos 16 Maton Jaguas SCALE OF STATUTE MILES SCALE OF KILOMETERS Tajomebajo Pozóhondo Quebradama Yeguas Salt Plains Palomos Rincon alinas Aguirre Gunyama Bay Salinas Central MATA 1.0 Pt. Salinas Pt. Fama Cintrona Coamo Bay Pt. Coamo Capitanejos FRIO IS Pt. Cabullon Ponce Harbor Sta Isabel Pt. Petrona Pt. Cavito, to St. Croix Submarine Telto Jamaica Submarine Tel. C 17-45 5 A BERBERIA 1.
N MUERTOS 1.
Bay Aguirre o Jobos Har.
Jobos Steamship Lines Maton Pt. Guayanes Yeguas Pt.
Pel-los Maunabo Quebrada Honda Patillas Lavurel Caraital Jacaboa Pitnjava oyo Bajo Calzada enajagua Pt. Tuna Port Maunabo F Ra C. San Juan CORDILLERA 6545′ /HERMANOS REEF La Cabezas REEFS Manchele Pt Figures 4 Fajardo LAS MARCAS REEF • PAJARO IS.
RATONES IS.
Port Aguirre BARCA IS Pt. Pozuelo CARIBES IS৯ A 1745 15 20 E PORTO RICO SCALE OF STATUTE MILES 5 10 SCALE OF KILOMETERS 10 15 20 25 30 Important towns are shown in heavy face type Railways C Long. 66°30′ West D from L.L. POATES ENGRIG CO., N.Y. 0 5 Steamship Lines 66°15′ Green. E 66° 5 G Mt. Pirata (Cow Fr.) PILOT ROCK • REEF THE WASHER Passa Y BOWL Hermanos Passage % PALOMINOS 18.
Celba Pt. Medio Mundo Mach Quayacon BARILLES OCACTUS N.E.Pt.
Barilles CROSS OUTER PERAGUA 1.
INNER PERAGUAS IS.
PINEROS IS.
Pt. Puerca L.H.
CABRAS I.
KEY KEY S.W.KEYS Playa Flamingo B.
Surf B.
Culebra 18 Virgin Passage CULEBRA (To Humacao )?
P.t. Soldado Vieques Sound Hunda Bay CORONA REEF • CABALLO BLANCO Port Mula L.H. ROCK Caballo Pt.
Resolution Arenas. Pt.
West Pt.
Pt.de la Vaca (Cow Pt.) Pt. Negra Honda B.
CUCARACHE ROCK ieques La Campana CRAB OR VIEQUES 1.
Baral To Humacao Dis • PELICAN KEYS onda Bay DRSport Ferro glaya Grande -18-15 East Pt.
Danes Bay AOCHIBA KEY Same scale as Lort Mosquito large map 1 PORT SAID other Spanish explorers. Ponce de Léon occupied the island with a large military force and maintained headquarters there for ten years. The Spaniards remained in control of the island until 1898. It was visited often by pirates. San Juan was sacked in 1595 by Sir Francis Drake. Other attacks by English forces were defeated. Porto Rico was created a province of Spain in 1869, and slavery was abolished in 1873. The fortifications of San Juan were bombarded by a fleet under Admiral Sampson, in July, 1898, and a military expedition under General Miles took possession without opposition. By the Treaty of Paris, in 1898, Porto Rico was ceded to the United States. With the exception of political struggles, the American administration was without important event. In 1912 laws were passed providing for sanitary reform, a bureau of labor, and the minority representation. The inhabitants of Porto Rico were granted citizenship on granted ted citizenship on March 2, 1917. Prohibition was voted , 1917. Prohibition bition was voted by the people on July 16 of the same year. During 1918 officers ' training camps were opened on the island and a large number of young men were trained for military service. In 1918-1919 a new election law was passed.
Amendments were also made to the labor laws.
The population of Porto Rico in 1910 was 1,118,012; in 1920, 1,297,772 . The chief towns are San Juan, Ponce, and Mayaguez.