Putnik
VOIVODE (WAR LEAD- ER) RADOMIR, Serbian general, born in 1847, in Serbia, but son of Austrian Serbs; educated in the military academy in Belgrade; served as captain of infantry during the war against Turkey, in 1876; served in the war against Bulgaria, 1885; and at the beginning of the first Balkan War, when Serbia, Bulgaria, Montenegro and Greece allied themselves against Turkey, in 1912, he was raised to the rank of Voivode, meaning literally, war chief, the first Serbian officer to attain this special rank. As such he was in command of all the Serbian forces, during the second Balkan War, as well, when Serbia fought Bulgaria. garia. When the Austrians opened hostilities, in 1914, by their attempted invasion of Serbia, Voivode Putnik was still in command, and so remained until the final invasion in 1915, when Austria received German reinforcements under Von Mackensen.