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Richard of Cornwall

Emperor of Germany; second son of John, King of England; born Jan. 5, 1209.

In 1225-1226 he and his uncle, William of Salisbury, commanded an expedition which recovered Gascony, and the next year he received Cornwall as the result of a rising of the earls to compel the king, Henry III., to make provision for him. He managed his money matters well, and his wealth, as well as his prudence, saved Henry in many an impending crisis. For some years he acted with the English barons, barons, to many of whom he was closely related by by his marriage with Isabel, Countess of Gloucester, daughter of the Earl of Pembroke. In 1232 he was one of the leaders in the opposition to Hubert de Burgh; and in 1238 he headed an armed rising provoked by the king's secret marriage of his sister to Simon de Montfort. But Richard was still heir to the throne, and the articles which Henry was prepared to sign, and which dismissed his foreign advisers, appeared to the earl to bind the king's hands too closely, and he drew back. In 1240-1241 Richard was away on a cru- RICHARDS sade, and the next year he was with his brother in Gascony; and in 1243 he married Sancha of Provence, sister of Queen Eleanor, and this second second marriage ma drew him away from the baronage. In 1252 he refused the Pope's 's offer to sell him the crown of Sicily; but in 1257 he was elected by a majority titular king of the Romans, and was soon afterward crowned at Aix-la-Chapelle; and he was skilful enough to maintain a certain hold on Germany, lavishing his wealth to maintain his own position and the dignity of the empire. In the great struggle which took place between Henry III. and his nobles Richard at first acted RICHARDS (1906-7); "Non-ferrous Calculations" Metals" (1908), etc.