Ruby Throat
the Trochilus colubris, a species. ies of humming bird, so named from the brilliant ruby red color of its chin and throat. In summer it is found in all parts of North America up to lat. 57° North. 57° North. RUDDER, primarily, an oar; specifically the instrument by which a ship is steered, being that part of the helm which consists of a piece of timber which enters the water, and is attached to the sternpost by hinges, on which it turns. post by hinges, on which it turns. fish allied to the mackerel, very common in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, so named from its habit of swimming around the sterns of ships, attracted, doubtless, flesh is said to be coarse in flavor. by the refuse thrown overboard. The flesh is said to be coarse in flavor. MARQUIS DI, an Italian statesman; born in Palermo, Sicily, in 1839. He became prominent as mayor of Palermo, where he vigorously suppressed an insurcame prominent as mayor of Palermo, with Garibaldi. In 1869 he was minister of the interior and member of the Cham- RUDOLF II. ber of Deputies, serving in the Parliament till called to succeed Crispi as premier, Feb. 7, 1891. During the Mafia difficulty in New Orleans he recalled the He succeeded Crispi in Italian minister from Washington to en- Government. force his demands on the United States and was again made premier in 1896, term of office closed June 29, 1898. He when disasters to the Italian army in term office closed June 29, 1898. He of the former imperial dynasty of Ausdied Aug. 6, 1908. RUDOLF I., or RUDOLPH, founder of the former imperial dynasty of Austinguished himself in arms, and spent much of the early years of his manhood a warm partisan of Frederick II., disgau, Germany, May 1, 1218. He became tinguished himself in arms, and spent in quarrels with the bishops of Basel and increased by inheritance and by his mar- riage, till he was the most powerful prince Strasburg. His possessions were greatly riage, till he was the most powerful prince increased by inheritance and by his marriag entitled to be called kaiser or emperor. him to be German king; as, never having been crowned by the Pope, he was not entitled to be called kaiser or emperor.
His accession was opposed by none; the of certain rights already parted with by Ottocar of Bo- Pope's consent was secured at the price Rudolf's predecessors.
Danube. Rudolf spent the greater part of his life that remained in suppressing and slain in 1278 at Marchfeld beside the Danube. Rudolf spent the greater part the castles of the robber knights and putof his life that remained in suppressing buried in the cathedral there.
He died in Spires, July 15, 1291, and was buried in the cathedral there.
RUDOLF II., eldest son of the Em- 18, 1552; he was educated at the Spanish peror Maximilian II.; born in Vienna, July court by the Jesuits; made King of Hungary in 1572, King of Bohemia, with the title King of the Romans, in 1575, and on the death of his father in 1576 succeeded to the imperial crown. Gloomy, taciturn, he put himself in the hands of the Jesuits and low favorites and left the empire to govern itself. His attention was given cal and magical studies; nevertheless his taste for astrology and the occult sciences, and his desire to discover the philosopher's cal and magical studies; nevertheless his stone, made him extend his patronage to Kepler and Tycho Brahe. The astronoand his desire to discover the philosopher's Kepler and Tycho Brahe. The astronomical calculations begun by Tycho, and continued by Kepler, known as "The Ru- dolphine Tables," derive their name from this emperor. Meanwhile the Protestants were bitterly persecuted by the Jesuits throughout the empire; the Turks invaded Hungary and defeated the Archduke Maximilian (1596); Transylvania and RUDOLPH Hungary rose in revolt; and at last Rudolf's brother Matthias wrested from him the crowns of Hungary and Bohemia, and RUFFED GROUSE