Ruge
ARNOLD, a German publicist; born in Bergen, Island of Rügen, Prussia, Sept. 13, 1802, or 1803. He embraced the doctrines of Hegel, and wrote philosophical criticisms in the Halle Year Book. He joined Karl Marx in Paris, and published with him the "German-French Year Books" (1843-1845). After the suppression of the paper which he started in Berlin, called "Reform," he went to London and formed, in connection with Ledru- Rollin and Mazzini, the European Democratic Committee. Among his works are: "Two Years in Paris" (1 Pictures" (1847) "Political Pictures" "Two Years in Paris" (1845) ; "Poetic ( 1845) ; "Poetic (1848); "Our System" (1850); "In Former Times" (1862-1867); and "Manifesto of the German People." He died in Brighton, England, Dec. 31, 1880.
RÜGEN (rü'gen), an island in the Baltic Sea, belonging to Prussia, near the coast of Pomerania; area, 377 square miles; exceedingly irregular in shape.
The surface is fertile, undulating, and in many places covered with beautiful beech forests. The Stubbenkammer, a sheer chalk cliff (400 feet high) at the N. E. extremity, is frequently visited. The capital is Bergen. Many of the coast villages are popular sea-bathing resorts.
From 1648 till 1815 Rügen belonged to Sweden. Pop. about 50,000.
Since his the school has never lacked able teachers, remarkable for independence of mind. When Arnold died in 1842, Archbishop Tait succeeded him, having as coadjutors Lord Lingen, Dean Bradley, Principal Shairp, Thomas Evans, Theodore Walrond, Bishop Cotton. He in turn was succeeded by Dean Goulburn, who had as one of his assistants the future Archbishop Benson. The Crimean War reduced the numbers of the school to 300, and Dr. Goulburn resigned in 1857. He was succeeded by the future Bishop of London, Dr. Temple, who remained 12 years. He made a brilliant record, and added fame to Rugby's reputation. Having collected enough money to rebuild the chapel, to erect a gymnasium and to build new schools, Dr. Temple was succeeded by Dr. Hayman. To him succeeded Dr. Jex-Blake, who inaugurated a still greater building era. When he resigned in 1887 he left behind him a school unrivaled in its appointments. He was succeeded by Dr. Percival. Of illustrious Rugbeians may be named the poets Landor, Clough, and Matthew Arnold; Dean Stanley, who had the rare privilege of recording the work of his great headmaster in biography; Judge Hughes, who did the same equally felicitously in "Tom Brown's School Days"; Dean Vaughan, Lord Derby, Lord Cross, Mr. Goschen, Sir R. Temple, and York Powell the historians, Justice Bowen, Sir W. Palliser, J-Cyc