Saint-Amant
MARC ANTOINE GIRARD, SIEUR DE, a French writer of bacchanalian verses; born in Rouen, France, in 1594. He wrote "Moses Saved" Saved " (1653), an epic of the school of Tasso; and a number of short miscellaneous poems, among which those on bacchanalian scenes are the best "The Revel" is one of the most remarkable of convivial poems. He died in Paris in 1661.
ST. ANDREWS, a town of Scotland; on a rocky plateau at the edge of St. Andrews Bay, 42 miles N. N. E. of Edinburgh. From the number and nature of the remains of ancient burials found in and around the city there can be little doubt that there was a settlement here in early prehistoric times. The monkish legend, long discredited, assigned its ecclesiastical origin to St. Regulus or Rule, who, warned in a dream, brought certain bones of St. Andrew from Patras in the 4th century, and was wrecked at Muckros, afterward called Kilrimont, now St. Andrews. There is, however, reason for believing not only that those relics were brought in the 8th century, but that, before the end of the 6th, Cainnech, or Kenneth, the patron saint of Kilkenny, had founded a monastery at Rig-Monadth, the Royal Mount, and that thus arose the name of Kilrimont. Early in the 10th century it seemingly became the seat of the high bishop of the Scotch; and in Queen Margaret's time he began to be called the Bishop of St. Andrews. The Augustinian Priory, founded in 1144, was the richest and greatest of all the religious houses of Scotland. The cathedral, founded in or about 1160, and consecrated in 1318, was stripped of its images and ornaments in 1559, and afterward fell into ruin. The extreme length inside is 355 feet, but at one time it had been several bays longer. The bishop's palace or castle, first built in 1200, was frequently demolished and rebuilt, and is SAINT ARNAUD now a ruin. George Wishart and other martyrs were confined in its dungeon, and Cardinal Beaton was slain within its walls. None of the ruins is less imposing or more interesting than the foundations on the Kirkhill-the site of the Celtic church. St. Rule's Tower has probably occasioned more discussion and perplexed more archæologists than any other building in Scotland. Its arches, as well as that of its roofless chapel, approach the horseshoe in form. The parish church, which was almost entirely rebuilt in 1798, was founded in 1412. Its predecessor, which stood near the cathedral, was built three centuries earlier. Of the Black Friars Monastery a portion of the chapel remains; but of the Grey Friars almost nothing. The parish church of St. Leonard's is roofless, and the congregation worships in the fine chapel of St. Salvator's. The Madras College, founded and endowed by Dr. Bell, has been remodeled and placed under a new governing body.
The town was erected into a free burgh between 1144 and 1153. The manufacture of golf clubs and balls is naturally a thriving industry, St. Andrews being known all over the world as the headquarters of golf. It is a popular watering place and summer resort. Pop. about 8,000.