Saleratus
a salt intermediate in composition between a carbonate and a bicarbonate of potash, prepared from pearl-ash by exposing it to carbonic acid gas; much used in making bread, to neutralize acetic acid, or tartaric acid, and thus render the bread light by the escape of the carbonic acid gas.
SALERNO (ancient Salernum), a city of southern Italy; on the gulf of the same this port, and for many years Salem name, 33 miles S. E. of Naples. A hill merchants had a monopoly of trade with those countries. Salem is also noted as the birthplace of Nathaniel Hawthorne.
Pop. (1910) 43,697; (1920) 42,529.
SALEM, a city and county-seat of Salem co., N. J.; on Salem creek, and on the West Jersey and Seashore railroad; 32 miles S. of Philadelphia. Here are the Tyler public library, a high school, a Friends' meeting house, waterworks, electric lights, National banks, and several weekly newspapers. The city has an iron foundry, oil cloth factory, hosiery mill, a number of vegetable and fruit canneries, and several large glass plants. Pop. (1910) 6,614; (1920) 7,435.
SALEM, a city of Ohio, in Columbiana co. It is on the Pennsylvania and the Youngstown and Ohio railroads. It is the center of an important coal mining region and has manufactures of steel, engines, pumps, tools, motor boats, stoves, furniture, etc. Its notable institutions include a Carnegie library, city hospital, a home for aged women, a municipal building, and a park. Pop. (1910) 8,943; (1920) 10,305.
SALEM, a city, capital of the State of Oregon, and county-seat of Marion co.; on the Willamette river, and on the Southern Pacific, the Oregon Electric, and the Salem Falls City and Western railroads; 50 miles S. of Portland. Here are the State Capitol, the State Institution for Deaf Mutes, the State Institution for the Blind, the State Penitentiary, the State Insane Asylum, the State Reform School, Willamette University, Indian Training School, public library, public hospital. waterworks, street railroads.
the town is crowned by an old Norman castle. The beautiful Gothic cathedral of St. Matthew (whose bones were brought from Pæstum in 954) was erected by the Normans (1076-1084), and has in front of it a quadrangle of porphyry and granite pillars and inside it monuments of Gregory VII. and Margaret of Durazzo. One of its doors is of bronze, Byzantine work. The city was celebrated in the Middle Ages for its university (founded in 1150, closed in 1817), but especially for its school of medicine (Schola Salernitana), which was long the first in Europe. In the neighborhood are the ruins of PÆSTUM (q. v.). There are a couple of small harbors. Cotton is spun. Originally a Roman colony (194 B. c.), Salerno figures little in history till after it was taken by Robert Guiscard, who made it his capital. But the removal of the Norman court to Palermo and the sack of the city by the Emperor Henry VI. struck serious blows at its prosperity, and a third came from the decay of the medical school in the 14th century. Pop. about 49,000.