Shaftesbury
ANTHONY ASH- LEY COOPER, FIRST EARL OF, an commanded the Department of California in 1899-1901, and was retired June 30, leaving Exeter College, Oxford, he studied law at Lincoln's Inn, and was chosen representative for Tewkesbury in 1640. At the commencement of the Civil War he supported the royal cause, but advised mutual concession. Finding that in conthe death of his father in 1631. After leaving Exeter College, Oxford, he studied law at Lincoln's Inn, and was chosen representative for Tewkesbury in 1640.
At the commencement of the Civil War he supported the royal cause, but advised mutual concession. Finding that in conand received command of its forces in sequence of this opinion he was distrusted Dorsetshire. When Cromwell turned out by the court he joined the Parliament, the Long Parliament, Sir Anthony was one of the members of the convention which succeeded, nevertheless he signed the protestation charging the Protector tion of Richard Cromwell he aided the restoration of Charles II. with all his influence, and in 1661 was created Baron however, prevent him from becoming one of his privy-council. After the deposition of Richard Cromwell he aided the restoration of Charles II. with all his influence, and in 1661 was created Baron Yet he strongly opposed the Corporation Act (1661) and the Act of Uniformity (1662), both measures favored by the exchequer and a lord of the treasury.
Yet he strongly opposed the Corporation Act (1661) and the Act of Uniformity (1662), both measures favored by the crown. He afterward became a member high chancellor. His conduct on the bench created Earl of Shaftesbury and lord high chancellor. His conduct on the bench was able and impartial, but he was deprived of office, probably through the influence of the Duke of York; and he at once became one of the most powerful leaders of the opposition. For his warmth in asserting that a prorogation of 15 months amounted to a dissolution of Parliament he was confined in the Tower from February, 1677, to February, 1678. After his liberation he took a prominnent part in the attacks on Catholics during the popish-plot scare. In 1679 he became president of the council and the same year was instrumental in passing the Hapresident of the council and the same year was instrumental in passing the Habeas Corpus Act. In 1681 he was inryden's famous dicted for high treason but acquitted. He entered into the plots of the Monmouth party and had to fly to Holland, where he died in Amsterdam, Jan. 21, 1683. He is the Achitophel of Dryden's famous is the Achitophel of Dryden's satire. satire.
LEY COOPER, THIRD EARL OF, an ter House, London, England, Feb. 26, English philosophical and moral writer, grandson of the preceding; born in Exe- 1671. When only 11 years of age he Parliament of Poole, in Dorsetshire, and could read Greek and Latin with ease. strongly supported measures favorable In 1695 he became the representative in Vol 8 to public liberty. In consequence of ill health he resigned his seat in 1698, and visited Holland as a student of physic. 1901. He died Nov. 12, 1906. ار SHAG In 1708-1709 he published several works of a philosophical character, among others a "Letter on Enthusiasm" and an "Inquiry concerning Virtue or Merit." In 1710 his rapidly declining health led him to fix his residence at Naples. His writings were collected and published together under the title of "Characteristics of Men, Manners, Opinions, and Times." In 1716 and 1721 collections of his correspondence were published. He died in Naples, Italy, Feb. 15, 1713.