Sousa
JOHN PHILIP, an American musician and conductor, born in Washington, D. C., in 1854. He studied music and began teaching at the age of 15. From 1880 to 1892 he was the leader of the United States Marine Corps band. In the latter year he organized his own band, and rope and the United States. In 1911 he JOHN PHILIP SOUSA made a tour of the world. He was a prolific composer of music, especially of marches, many of which attained wide success. He also wrote music for several
He wrote "The Fifth String" operas. (1905); "The Dwellers in the Western World," and "Through the Year with he conducted musical instruction at the Naval Training Station, Great Lakes, and there organized a remarkable band which was used in recruiting in various parts of the country. ical division of South Africa, extending can Continent to the course of the Limcan Continent to the course of the Limtude, and including all the British territude, and including all the British territories within those limits, with the excep- Bechuanaland Protectorates, while provi SOUTH AFRICA sion is made for the future inclusion within the Union of those territories and of the territories of the British South Affrica Company. ountain" (3,582 Topography and Rivers. The southernmost province contains many parallel ranges, which rise in steps toward the interior. The southwestern peninsula contains the famous "Table Mountain" (3,582 feet), while the "Great Zwarte Region" and "Lange Bergen" run in parallel lines from W. to E. of the Cape province. Between these two ranges and the "Roggeveld" and "Nieuwveld" to the N. is the Great Karoo Plateau, which is bounded on the E. by the "Sneeuwbergen," con- SOUTH AFRICA conepidemic, it rose to over 17 per thousand.
Instruction. In April, 1918, the institutions for higher education were reorganized, and there are now three universities, the University of Cape Town, the University of Stellenbosch, and the University of South Africa. There are also several colleges administratively nected with these universities. The total number of students in 1918 was 2,069, the total number of professors and instructors 252. Schools other than those for higher education in 1917 numbered 4,945 for white scholars, with 259,076 students; and 2,670 for colored students, with 187,866 students, having a total of 17,971 teachtaining the highest summit in the prov-ers, and expenditures of £3,169,889. There ince (Compassberg, 7,800 feet). In the E. are ranges which join the "Drakensbergen" (11,000 feet), between Natal and the Orange Free State. The Orange Free State presents a succession of undulating grassy plains with good pasture-land, at a general elevation of some 3,800 feet, with occasional hills or kopjes. The Transvaal is also mainly mainly an elevated plateau with parallel ridges in the "Magalies" and "Waterberg" ranges of no great height. The veld or plains of this northernmost province is divisible into the Hooge Veld of the S., the Banker Veld of the center, and the Bush veld of the N. and E., the first and second forming the grazing and agricultural region of the Transvaal and the last a mimosa-covered waste. The eastern province of Natal has pastoral lowlands and rich agricultural land between the slopes of the Drakensberg and the coast, the interior rising in terraces as in the southern provinces.
The Orange, with its tributary, the Vaal, is the principal river of the S., rising in the Drakensbergen and flowing into the Atlantic between the Protectorate of Southwest Africa and the Cape of Good Hope. The Limpopo, or Crocodile river, in the N., rises in the Transvaal and flows into the Indian Ocean through Portuguese East Africa. Most of the remaining rivers are furious torrents after rain, with partially dry beds at other seasons.
Area and Population. The total area of the Union is 473,096 square miles, divided as follows: Cape of Good Hope, 276,966; Natal, 35,291; Transvaal, 110,- 450; Orange Free State, 50,389 square miles. The white population in 1918 was 1,436,611. The colored population in 1911, the last year for which definite figures are available, was 4,697,152. The principal towns are Johannesburg, Cape Town, Durban, Pretoria, Port Elizabeth, Pietermaritzburg, East London, Benoni, Kimberley, Germiston, Bloemfontein, Krugersdorp, and Boksburg. The death rate is usually slightly above 10 per thousand, but in 1918, as the result of the influenza are also a number of training colleges and special schools.
Finances. The ordinary revenue and expenditures of the Union in 1918-19 was £19,256,000 and $19,858,824 respectively.
The public debt of the Union on March 31, 1920, was estimated at £166,270,000.
Defense. Toward the end of the World War all the British troops stationed in South Africa were withdrawn and the Union itself provided all military forces necessary for its defense. These were raised under the Defense Act, which makes all citizens liable to service within the Dominion. Only a certain proportion of the younger men, however, are annually enrolled and trained. These form the Active Citizen Army, the members of which, after four years, become members of the Citizen Reserve Force, until the age of 45. There are also a Coast Garrison Force, a Permanent Force, and a National Reserve, the latter comprising all citizens between the ages of 17 and 60 not belonging to any of the other forces. Boys between 13 and 17 are compulsorily enrolled in a cadet corps, wherever this is possible. During the World War 136,070 white and 92,837 natives enlisted from the Union. All of these, with the exception of an infantry brigade and several other white units, as well as some 3,000 officers of the Royal Air Force, were used in the operations in Africa.
Agriculture and Production. In 1918 the total acreages under cultivation were as follows: Cape Province, 3,152,209; Natal, 1,106,618; Transvaal, 3,012,844; Orange Free State, 2,814,893. In the same year the total production of wheat in the entire Union was 600,000,000 pounds, oats 335,000,000 pounds, of maize 1,942, 000,000 pounds. Other important crops were barley, rye, kafir corn, peas and beans, potatoes, sweet potatoes, onions, tobacco, and sugar. The live-stock in 1918 consisted of 6,852,000 cattle, 781,000 horses, 84,500 mules, 554,000 donkeys 314,000 ostriches, 30,000,000 sheep, 8,000, 000 goats, 1,000,000 pigs, and 9,500,000 SOUTH AFRICA poultry. The export of wool in 1918 amounted to over 115,634,000 pounds, of mohair to over 19,600,000 pounds, of hides to over 12,500,000 pounds, of skins to over 30,275,000 pounds, and of mealies to over 509,000,000 pounds. Both the production of cotton and sugar is on the increase.
The total extent of forest reserve areas in 1919 was about 2,092,000 acres. The importance of the dairying industry is steadily growing, and in 1918 the production of butter amounted to about 20,000,000 pounds, and of cheese to about 6,000,000 pounds. Irrigation is becoming of greater importance every year, and in 1917-18 the government expenditure for irrigation amounted to more than $500,- 000.
Manufactures. As a result of the World War and the shortage of shipping facilities caused by it, the local manufactures of the Union received a great impetus. Among the most important industries are the production of leather, cement, beer, matches, tobacco, dynamite, soap, rope, furniture, vehicles, etc. The industrial census of 1917-18 showed a gross production of £60,828,440 in 5,919 factories, with a total capital of £53,171,000, and an average number of employees of 134,211, of whom 49,908 were white.
Mining. Gold mining is the chief source of the Union's wealth. In 1918 the total amount of gold mined was 18,- 252,000 fine oz., valued at $35,759,000.
The total value of diamonds was £7,115,- 000 and of coal £3,225,000. Copper, tin, lime, silver, salt, and asbestos are other important mineral products, and the total value of the mineral output of the Union in 1918 was £47,737,738. In the various mining industries there were employed in 1918, 295,804 persons, of whom 32,820 were white.
Commerce. The total value of imports and exports, exclusive of specie, in 1913, the last year previous to the World War, were respectively £41,828,841 and £66,- 569,364. In 1918 they were respectively £49,487,168 and £32,949,237. Over 50% of the imports of general merchandise in 1918 came from the United Kingdom, about 14% from British possessions, or a total of over 67% from the British Empire. The United States leads all the foreign countries in imports, with a total value of £6,771,238, or 13.8% of the total.
Japan, the Belgian Congo, Sweden, Brazil, Argentine, Switzerland, France and Holland are the other countries from which imports of considerable value are made.
Shipping and Communications. - In 1918 the total number of vessels entered from overseas was 1,036, of 2,989,000 cons net, and the total number of coastwise vessels was 1,780 of 2,541,000 tons SOUTH AFRICA net. Upon the formation of the Union the former state railways of the several colonies were merged into one system, the South African railways, which is under the control of the Union Government. In 1919 the total mileage was 9,542, representing a total capital expenditure of over £93,000,000. For 1918- 19 the gross earnings were over £15,- 000,000, and the net loss, after payment of interest, £896,267. At the end of 1918 there were 2,623 post-offices, 15,951 miles of telegraph line, and 3,214 miles of telephone line. Banks. The five banks of the Union in 1918 had a subscribed capital of £10,- 515,900, of which over £5,000,000 was paid in, and deposits of over £72,000,000.
In the same year the number of depositors in the government savings banks was 288,833, with deposits of over £7,- 200,000. a Government. - The Union of South Africa was constituted under the South Africa Act of 1909, under the terms of which the self-governing colonies of the Cape of Good Hope, Natal, the Transvaal, and the Orange River Colony were united on May 31, 1910, in a legislative union under one government. These colonies became original provinces of the Union. The Governor-General, appointed by the sovereign, administers the executive government of the Union, together with an executive council, the members of which are chosen by sen by the Governor- General. Various departments of state have been established, the heads of which, not exceeding ten in number, are appointed by the Governor-General.
The legislative power is vested in Parliament consisting of the king, a Senate, and a House of Assembly. Session of Parliament must take place every year. The senate consists of 40 members, each of whom must be a British subject of European descent. The House of Assembly consists of 134 members and is elected for five years. The Cape of Good Hope elects 51, Natal 17, the Transvaal 49, and the Orange Free State 17 members. In most respects membership qualifications are similar to those existing for members of the British Parliament. The House of Assembly originates money bills. It cannot pass a bill for taxation or appropriation unless it has been recommended during the session by a message from the Governor- General. The right of the Senate to amend money bills is restricted. Pretoria is the seat of the Government of the Union. Cape Town is the seat of the Legislature. Each province is administered by an administrator, appointed by the Governor-General for five years, and a provincial council elected for three SOUTH AFRICA years. Both the English and Dutch languages are official. The Governor-General in 1920 was Viscount Buxton, and the Prime Minister, General J. C. Smuts.
The Union is represented in London by a High Commissioner. The administration of justice is in the hands of the various courts, consisting of the Appellate Division and several provincial divisions of the Supreme Court of South Africa.
History. The history of the Union of South Africa, properly speaking, of course, begins only with the formation of the Union in 1910. Previous to that date the history is identical with that of its several provinces, where it is treated more extensively.
The first Governor-General was Viscount Gladstone, the son of the famous British statesman. The first cabinet of the Union was headed by General Botha and included among others, Generals Smuts, Hertzog, and Fischer. In 1912 a cabinet crisis developed as a result of General Hertzog's claims that Premier Botha over-emphasized the interests of the British Empire as compared to those of the Union, and showed too strong leanings toward imperialism. The points at issue were closely connected with the opposition to the presence of large numbers of Hindoo laborers, and with the restrictive legislation against these Hindoo laborers which had been passed. The crisis finally resulted in the splitting of the Nationalist Party into two factions.
The matter eventually was settled, at least partially. In 1913 an extensive strike of the miners on the Rand occurred. In spite of considerable violence and the calling out of troops, the strike was eventually settled by the intervention of the government. A general strike of all miners attempted in 1914 failed as a result of the quick action of the government in arresting the leaders and in forcibly deporting them to England.
The Union Parliament passed stringent laws against all forms of picketing, strikes on public works were made a penal offense, and the Government was given permission to deport anyone convicted of public violence or sedition. The working classes of the Union met this legislation by organizing a Labor Party, in opposition to the Nationalist and Unionist parties.
At the outbreak of the World War in 1914, both the Government and the Parliament of the Union immediately pledged their unfaltering loyalty to the Empire.
The government, as early as September, 1914, determined upon the invasion of German Southwest Africa. The details of the campaigns of the Union forces in this former German colony, as well as SOUTH AFRICA those of the later campaigns in German East Africa, are given in the article on the WORLD WAR (q. v.).
The first campaign against German South Africa, however, was interrupted in October, 1914, by a revolt led by three former Boer leaders, Lieutenant-Colonel Maritz, General Christian de Wet, and General Christian F. Byers. General Botha immediately assumed command against his three former comrades at arms, and by December, 1914, the revolt had practically collapsed after General de Wet had been made a prisoner and General Byers had been killed. Lieutenant-Colonel Maritz had been forced to flee into German territory. An internal revolt under the leadership of General Hertzog broke out in February, 1915, but was quickly suppressed by the arrest of most of the leaders. All these were tried and sentenced to fines and terms of imprisonment of varying degrees.
În 1915 the Union sent an expeditionary force to the western front. Anti- German feeling throughout the Union was intense, and serious demonstrations occurred, especially in 1915, in many of the larger cities. In August, 1915, Parliament was dissolved. The new Parliament elected in October contained a majority for the Government indicating strong popular support of General Botha's policies. Soon after the meeting of Parliament, General de Wet and many of his followers, all of whom had been convicted of high treason, were pardoned.
Parliament passed various important bills providing for the reorganization of higher education and for the unifying of the laws of the separate provinces. A "Trading with the Enemy Act" was also passed. In January, 1917, General Smuts, then in command of the Union forces operating in German East Africa was sent to Europe as the representa tive of the Union Government at the Imperial War Conference in London Although the Nationalists continued their opposition to the government and to its principle of active participation in the war, this opposition did not reflect truly the popular attitude, and the Botha gov ernment was not only able to maintain itself, but even to increase its majorit in Parliament. Late in 1917, a slight rapprochement between the Unionist and Nationalists took place.
At the Peace Conference the Unio was represented by General Botha an General Smuts, both of whom took a active and influential part in the delik erations of the Conference. In May 1919, the Supreme Council awarded th mandate over German Southwest Afric to the Union of South Africa. At th time the Peace Treaty came up for sig 이 C 80° 75° E 2 L 0 25 3 30- 4 35 IF I 5 Ω 40- 6 45 7 50 JUAN FERNANDEZ IS. (Totnili) E A N 70° F rea 65° G 60° H CHUQUISACA Fort puru o Vila Bunta TROPIC OF CAPRICORN Huanchaca Iquique La Norite BU Uyuni Patillos TARAPACA S.Pedro Atocha Atochas Camargo Sta. Elena Lagnuus POTOSI Loma Huanillos Quiltasar Fiscachi Fiscachiths Tupiza S. Luis Lipez R. Loa Chicol Calabra JANEIRO 12 Tocopilla Cobija Las Salinas Atacama VolToconao Mejillone S.Francisco Keira A Coimbra Puerto Vargas A Puerto Pacheco Quilan Puerto -Pidma Et. Olimpo ar Borbon ARIJA Apitema Tarija Carapari PIguibobo 1 Quraba Gacin yo Jumas del Itau Stal Victoria Ft. La valle Rosario Cueva off Oran
Toconao (19,357) JUJUY Barga ujuy Antofagasta ANTOFAGASTA Gatus O El Cobre Aguas Blancas Co Rincon Zorraso Botija Miguel Diaz Placilla V.Lullalllaco Cachiyuyal Talta 20-249- S.Rosa S Cabra Chaco ANDES Molines Pan de Azucar Carrizadillo Σα Las Animas Chanaral Tortoralillo Caldera Coplapo Pto. de Copiapo ATACAMA Carrizal alto Carrizal Bajo Sao 0 Antofagasta O Dragones Irua H C Galanan 40° 35° Victoria Guaraparim Itapemirim 55° J 50° K 45° S.Sacramento SCALE OF KILOMETERS N SOUTHERN PART
SCALE OF STATUTE MILES 300 Prodde Anham Itapura illus Niong diarretos Passos Varg beirão Preto Bisimao Caldus SOUTH AMERICA Itajuba Campos Novos S. Maroel Bentob STATES OF CHILE. elis mpos Railways shown thus
Important towns are shown In heavy face type C.Frio Fartur Guareh Jatahy Carapa Fa Sorocaba Sao Gertrudes
Confluencia (Dós Dourados Lenguas Posta Motin TERRITORY Carmen Et. Aquirre Tala TJOU MANN Sta Clara Luna Muerta irre entrai Tobas Algarrobar Paragua Bellavista Caтpoв Aman Villa de Salvador Concepcion Lima S.Pedro PARAGUAY OF comayo Mercedes S. Michel Ft.S. Bernard Fortin Arias Chañarinayo Placo A FORMOSA S.Gregorio Santiago
Tincgasta Pedro de Este Yerbabuena CATAMARCA SANTIAGO M Cururuati Paso Real Luque Paragunry Villa ASUNCION Formosa Carpegua Rin Bely Tigre Cobado Rejo ♡ F:Ortiz Puerto TERRITORY OF Bermejo Ygnaelo Told Alejo Aginaltay Cerrito V. del F THE CHACO Corrientes Ft.la Encrucijada La Savanna S. Antonio Reconquista, Ft. Tostada Huascop Vallena El Potro Cordobita Catamarca Frias Loreto Tacanilas Chanaral Chllecito 6 DEL ESTERO Rioja Reoreo Quebrachos
S.Felix 13,045 La Serena Vicuna Guandacol Vilgoo Sta. Roca Pto. de Tongajo Coquimbo Jachal Tamaya Salado Rio Secoo
Hurco R POJA Dean Funes S.Christobal S. Loure 8. Cosme o'S.Miguel ara P Pto. Francez Aguaca Chopin Assur Curitiba Palmeiras S.Jose Pirapita Boa Viata Palmas Annaba TERR Paranay SANTA CATHARINA OF MISSIONES Encarnacion Em Empedrado Sto. Tome Ma Bella Vista CORRIENTES Mauna S. Borja
Gova Mercedes Ataque Uruguayana Alegrete O
Rio Grande do Sul uguay Sta Chamical Chiquitta SANTAF FE Libertad Belem Estreito S. Augustin Crudel Eje Nicolas COQUIMBO SAN JUAN P S. Marco Castano Comba bal Caren Calingasta Asiento Illapo Cazuto La Liga Veli Quillota S. Francisca Concordia Rive
ENTRE Salto Carro Chato San Jhan CORDOBASanta Fe Parana Colon 4 Sta. Maria onohayo S. Arrel Nicolas Саветов Cruz Alta Restinga Campos Lagoa S. Victorino Bom Ro Vacoaria aubates GRANDE 50 Ubatuba
1,SAO SEBASTIAO Santos Concelga Una Villa Iguape Cananca Paranagua R.
Paranagua S.FRANCISCO 1.
São Francisco Badenfurt Itajahy STA. CATHARINA 1.
Desterro Villa Nova Tubarão Campinas RIO GRANDE Domingodas Torres rancisco Leopoldo Porto Alegre Casapava S. João Lagoavos Adequa o lapes, Cordoba Salinas Dolores v Villa Maria Yrigoyen RIOS Paysandu S. Gregorjo 6 Lale Huanacache Cuevas Rosario Snoagulu s. Francisco 22,86 Mendoza San Luis S Piratinim Pelotas Congenion URUGUAY Leones del Uruguay Renca Villa Nueva S. Martin Victória dos Mostardas Patos Estreito Rio Grande do Sul Llirim 9 Treinta L. de la Ares Mangueira Sta. Isabely Ubicuy Soriano Durazno Nico Perez Valparaiso St. Antonio 3 SANTIAGO LA PAANO Merced Melinque S. Nicolas Rio Cuarto Rosario Gualeguaychio Fray. Bentos 8 4 Paraguary S-Fernando Maipo V.
Coovero S. Rafael Qvejeria Curico MENDOZA Talen Los Linderoso Pupuyap Topoca Ima Pichilemo Pto. de Llico Putop Constitucion Chancop Llicor El Tomab 20 6 Linares L. Llancaynelo NoMercedes La Carlotta LUIS Washington/ Rufing Tome 1 。 Drabble Sta. Victoria do Palmár 16 Florida Minhs 14 Chuy Samborombon Caneloneso1718.Carlos C.Sta. Maria Pergamino Rojas Campana Lavalle Barracas Ensenada Colonia Maldonado Chivin La Plata Atalas Platte R.
Trenque Lauquen Gen. Victorich S.Cantos o Sta. Rosa Cerro Payen Mariano Pinzen Luamo Rosas Ferrari Dolores Cane MONTEVIDEO Samborombon B.
S.Martin Ft. Salitrero Ft. Roca Conesa 9 de Julio Alvear Las Flores BUENOS AIRES Maipu C. San Antonio Olavarria Azul Ayacucho Pt. Nor Guamini Lavalle General Acha Arroyo Corto Mel Vela Tandil THE PAMPAS Alfuifa Juarez Balcarce Balcarce Mar del Plata Nueva Roma Canquenes Parro del Saco Chillant Los Angeles Unorquin Concepcion 10. Palanquen TERRITORY OF de. Tony Arauco 14 Baigorrita Lebu 13 Irua Iguibobo Nueva Imperial Sa. Nenquen Temuco 15 Ft/incura Rosao R. Tolten PNrutchen NEUQUEN Ft. Chichinal Lautare Ft.Coanco TERRITORY Ft. Tratayen Ri Tros Arroyos Bahia Blanca Irene Necochen Arroyo del Moro Colorado Ft. Mercedes C. Chimpay Tragua- Tolten Villarica V. Confluene TERRITORY TRAV TRAVESIA DEL Valdivia VALDIVIA Carmen Futa Rio Bueno Osorno LLANQUIHUE Ft. Nogueira A NORTE Maria Arroyos Bahía Blanca Colorado Vieja OF THE TRAVESIA Direction Hu Viedma Patagones DEL SUR LNahuelhuapi L. Liakouinge Ft. Chacabucor IO NEGRO Maullin Mt.Tronador Choronades G Proiont Aneud G. of V.Hornopiren Dalcallue Ancr CHILOE I Chonch C. Qurlan Molines Mt. Yanteles HUAFO Corcovado GUAYTECAS I5.
Plateau Sarde Zeballos of Patagonla Sa.de Otte N S.Antonio S.Jose B Pto. Madrin Gaiman olla MelimoyuTERRITORY/OR CHONOS MAGDALENA HUAMBLIN ARCHIPELAGO RIVER C. Taytao Mejillone Carmen de Main Pt.
San Matias Gulf Pta. del Norte S.JOSE OR VALDES PENINSULA Pta. Delgada Nueva B. wson Engano B.
Mt. Triste G. de Vera THE CHUBUT L. Cochue Lo Musters V. S. Clemente Mt.S.Valentin Mt. Encina24 TRES MONTES PEN L. Buens Aires Camarones Bay C. de dos Bahias Pta. Marques Fondo Gulf of St. George Strand Gulf of Penas Mtelas Mt. Zeballos. Ar Bajo Tarn B GUAIANECOS Fallos Ch C. Dyer CAMPANA Dyneley B WELLINGTO NORTHS ARCH.
MORNINGTON 1,50 Trinidad G MADRE DE DIOS ARCHIPELAGO Concepcion Str Heras Mt.Belgrano Mazarrello B.
C. Tres Puntas Manantial Deseada R. Hillů Pt.
TERRITORY O LS Martin Mt. Fitz Roy HANOVER CAMBRIDGE 1.
Nelson Str VIDAL I Puckto Deseado OF O. Watchman maladel C. Danoso ROYANTACRUZ Pt. Desengand ML. Viedma Agassiz Orr-uiken QUEEN ADELAIDE ARCH.
Argentina Mt. Stokes Strait of Magellan WILLIAM DESOLATION Otway "B LAND A C.S. Francisco de Paula Sta. Cruz Port Sta. Cruz Grand Bay Coy Inlet Gallegos R. Gallegos B.
Philip B Pt. Gallegos C. Virgin Lomas B. Strait of Madellan PB Spiloghill nis Punta Arenas San Sebastian B.
BRUNSWICK STA. INES P Longford Sd.
GRAFTON IS PEN.
Stokes B Cockburn Ol Babla Inutil OAWSON TIERRA STEWART T DEL FUEGO Okan.
NAVARIN I FALKLAND ISLANDS Port. Egmont Charlotte St Queen ✓ (Br.) PEBBLE I.
C. Dolphin Pt. Salvador WEST EAST SWAN SA FAL C. Orford C Stephe Volunteer Pt.
AND Port Stanley Proper S BARREN.
Str. of le Maire CAS. Diego STATEN 1.
Adventure Sd.
Eagle Passage AT T A N Aldea de S. Pedro 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 12. Florida. 2 TROPIC OF CAPRICORN RIO DE JANEIRO 650 100 E 25 3 30 4 -35 5 40 6 SOUTH AMERICA SOUTHERN PART 300 SCALE OF STATUTE MILES 200 400 SCALE OF KILOMETERS 500 QUEEN ADELAIDE ARCH.
STA. INES 5100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Important towns are shown In heavy face type Railways shown thus STATES OF CHILE. 1. Aconcagua. 2. Valparaiso. 3. Santiago.
STATES OF URUGUAY. 1. Artigas. 2. Salto. 3. Rivera. 4. O'Higgins. 4. Paysandu. 5. Colchagua, 6.
Tacuarembo. 6. Curico. 6. Cerro Largo. 7. Talca. 8. Maûle. 9. Linares. 7. Rio Negro. 8. Durazno. 9. Treinta-y-Tres. 10. Nuble. 10. Soriano. 11. Concepcion, 11. Flores. 12. Biobio. 12. Florida. 13. Arauco. 13. Minas. 14. Mallico. 14. Rocha. 15. Cautin. 15. Celonia. 16. San Jose. 17. Canelones. 18. Maldonado.
A 80° B 10 2 5 3 。 A Panama Cana Porto Bello Colon Chagres P R 7. Rios N Nata SPΑΝΑΜΑ PEARL Parita 18.1 Bay Gulf of Panama AZUERO Pt. Mala 75° CE Punta Gallinas BC. de la Vela C.San Juan de Guga Santa Marta b Puerto de Dibulla Riohacha Goajir Sabanilla Cartagena 6. Leon Pt. Mariato Bay Cupica 010 Calamaro Star Martass Sierra Nevada Santiago Gulf of Darien Monterio Turb 3. Imbabura 2. Carchi A 70° CURAÇAO 1. D (Dutch) GUPAC.S. Roman Z YORUBA 1.
GOAJIRA Calaboro Coro BUEN AYRE (Dutch) NUEVA ESPARTA 60° EST.VINCENT Kingston BARBADOS I.
A иcпeaвo of Triste: LOS Heredia Maracaibo Altagracias. Felipe PROVINCES IN EQUADOR 1. Esmeraldas Mampos BOL LEWA R ra Perija 02 Guaira Puerto Cabello.
CARAalencia Lagodillas LARABOBOARAGUAND ZULIA Barquisimeto (3 Lake aracaibo Quibor SS Orituco San Carlos TRUJILL Guana Trujille MERIDA fados Ayapel Moralesovarova R S.Pablo 14. El Oro 13. Azuay 12. Canar 11. Chimborazo 10. Guayas ANTIO QUIA Medellin Antioquia Pt.Marzo Pt.Solano Bay Coqui C.Corrientes Quibido Baudo Noanan S.Juan R.
Buenaventura Choco Bay Micai Mejillones Pt. Guascama Tumaco Hillera A Jerico Manizales SANT Velez Muzo Cartago Libano Tulua Cali LIM Thague CatotoNelック La Plata Iscunde Popayan Oloro Boliva Tumacro Pt.Manglares Campana Pasto La Tola 1 piales Pt.Galera Esmeraldas, Zapotal Pedernales 0 Pichincha 4 Coton Manta Por S.Miguel Limon A Chouta TACHIBA S.Christobal Bucara Socorro Lipa Tunja Mirafieres B Ortiz Cuinana Carupano Rio Caribe Barcelona Maturin Onoto Aragua Calabozo Zarazac BERMUDEZ Callao Mamo Camaguan - Guanaritocan Fernando Espino de 2 Dona San Mt. Juan Criterion Acari and Palmarito Arauca Moreno Maria B R.
Meta Pueblo Tara Barrabaca 0-0 Nueva A Cabnyaro Victorino Ocune Vicencio TERRITORY Guacomo Sin 008. MBI A Baya Martin OF ST.MARTIN Arica) Arano Caguan Pescado. Turaima By Artecipal Matraca Angostura Fall Guacamayo Waupes TERRITORY OF CAQUETA Yura Yaco Mani QULTO paxi facunga - Avila Casa Cunti Guaranda Rosario BDY CLAIMED BY PERU tumay Archidona Napo Coca Maloca Ambato Canelos La Region 65 Victoria Guayaquil OR Fortaleza PUNA 1.
Gulf of Alausi Onenca Rosorio Guayaquil Machula Ros E Longitude C.Paring A Ft.Lavalle Juntas del Itau laba Celica 15 Andons Curaray Pinches igre Pasaza Arabella R Santander Barranca Urarinas Jeveros Iquitos Omaguas en Tigre Maracaj 2. 0 Geiba an Viejo Orin d R.
Cariben L Atures Orinocolopt. Cruz R Caicara tuari AMAZONAS S. Barbara San Fernando de Atabapo Baltazar Maroa S. Pedro Bridgetown SPAIN Dragons Mouths TOBAGO 1.
Gulf of PORT OF Pt.Galera Parid(TRINIDAD (Br.) Pt.Galeota Serpents Mouth Delta del Orinoco Delta/Amaer Guri YURUARI aron Paragua R Jose S. Rafael Serra Tinataea BARIMA 1.
Maruca Anaparie Bamberrys Guacipati Simuita Avéch Mahay paruo 0 Lima F GEORGETOWN yun on Essequibo R.
Berbice R. 55° G 50° H SOUTH AMERICA NORTHERN PART SCALE OF STATUTE MILES 650 100 200 100 300 SCALE OF KILOMETERS 200 300 400 400 500 10 500 600 700 Important towns are shown in heavy face type Waikal Bartica New Amsterdam Mazaruni Arecuna Ackar Corentyne R.
Nickerie Patamong Mora De Hoop Batavia BRITISH Jayfield Andresa Railways shown thus RAMARIBO Vredenburg Albina Savane Hattes Laurent Talepong Tambio Tomatai Hughesborg Aratou Iracoubo A Sinnamarie Macouria 6 CAYENNE T Poly goudons Guizambourg Roraima Mt.
Barapang Arinda Pacaraima Quarquia Cat, DUTCH Mora Mareppa Apoteri Cat Manitoba Cajacaja Waromi Pirara Cumara Dry Tabaki R. S. Bento GUIANA GUIANA Et Joaquin Tenette Coarawow Esmeralda praviscer, Sapara Tebi Victor TERRITORY S.Jose Nazaratho Maniciare Janaritec Yapura Sihare ura eguas BDY, CLAIMED BY ECUADOR Andreas Oran Pebas Sancudo Maucallacta Nauti Fonte Vera Tapichl Cura Mayobamb achapoyas Shapuja CA Pacheco Juana u LORETO Pa Sechura Bay Pt Aguja Lambayeque Chiclayo 5 10 Paijan West F from Huanape N.
Santal Casm Huaraz Culebra Huarmey 15 7 BERT Pativilca Huaura Salinas Chancay Sion Olinipo or Barbon argas Java Cashiboya Roabo Calleria S.Rith Cuniyaou Maria Corro de o Pasco Callao, LIMA Chilea Cerro Azul Chincha Baja Pisco PARACAS PEN.
C.Carretas Independencia B.
Pt. and Mesa de Dona Maria Q Mt.
Criterion San Juan Bautista'o N Acari/R.
Sahuas Atiquipa R.
PROVINCES IN EQUADOR 20 Aldea de Pedro 9. Tunguragua 2. Carchi 3. Imbabura 4. Manabi 5. Pichincha 6. Leon 7. Rios 8. Bolivar 80° 10. Guayas 11. Chimborazo 12. Canar 13. Azuay 14. El Oro 15. Loja 10. Oriente Camucheros Juru Pacayn Termopilas Loreto Carlos Cuyari Cucuhy c Carure Panore Taraqua Cat."
Guia Joaquim S.Gabriel CLAIMED BY COLOMBIA Trinidad URACAT PEDRO IV S. Pedro Pon Ciano Bruno Estevao S. Jacamin Purotu Boa Vista Ferd de Lesseps Pepenn Baterie Caracaray Sa.do Curupira eak Sn. Isabel Nova Castanheiro Jose Vajanari Rio Moreira Taboca Thoma Nueva York Para 8. Antoni DarcelloB Ambrosio s Maiselno de Marapy Fontebon de Maraua Carmen de S. Paulo de, Baures S.Cruz Capacetes Cigano Pacoval R BOUNDARY Traluava ultini ronquin Pto. Chandless Atico banony Viracoc RE ndacay Ocaña ara Callali tor Camana Quilea Islay Mollendo Carnuary Jurua Curua CLAIMED Purus erto Gibbon TORY Nueva York Para Mont ogueira Teffe Mutumenara Catauixi Tapaua BY R Cravoeiroo Moura Rio Branco Theodoretopoli SMaria Ayro Muirapinim Tauпреспoud thefering 2. Aipurusa Ta Simo Amazon Coary N Mura-malous Sitio de Boa Vista Canotama PERU Hyutanaham Quicia Pto Herndon Costa Rica Orton sto Filadelf CO Carmen Bolivar Sutre In Chuma bari of Orton Amapoo Riberal RCarmen Concepción Cantaro Lake Lorenzo Cara Maco Roguaguado Cavims Sta. Rosa Madidi R Macusan anota Moquegna Pt.Coles B 75° Correia Waraip on Mts.
Essequibo Maopity C.d'Orange Oran FRENCH St Paul Маснаана Gopdalla Cat. Xamaike GULAN ts poike Capacetes R.
Taliman Manouri Zurumata mbeta Vatuma PERU Conceição Capella Sex Boto Fogo Conacho limoes A lorencao Vista Alegre Tabocal Casa Leocadio Capana Purus Marmelos Made prea Baetas Castanhar Tirol Juma Tapuru Carapanatuba Pirayta Orato S. Pedro Paraiso Conacho R Mutum Eno, Francisco Cavilcante G Madeira Magdalena gos Miguel Mamore コ Exaltacion L. Rogagua Sta. Ana Dolores St Javier Crucero Apolóbambal Rejes Vudo de Apolobamba S.Ana Huaina Potosi Rosal Mohol LA PAZ Mt.Sorata Mt chaca Corocoro Tacи 21,047 Turco Or TAGNA Sajama- Arica Chach Chiza Tiliviche B Sa. Guarajus SAntonio Baure de Guarajus Conceição de Baures BEN Carmen de Mojos- Trinidad Loreto Urubicha Chimere Natividade Ascencion ro Ca R ba numa Carapanatuba Ressaca Canen Puimro cuman Atupi Courun ~N Malaripo Brale Obidos Boim Sta. Cruz Curi Capella Baetas Marinelos Mundruen illages Remanso Grande Mundruou Village Cord do Norte zofudu Casa Tapajoz M ena Sete Quedas Cat. mpos dos Parepis 800 Alto anoel R Pouso Alegre G Diamantino o (Rosario Matto Grosso Lavrinhay S.Barbara Jauru R Cazalbusc S.Luis Porubioo S.Xavier Concepcion Pedro TS. Rafael A Carmo Suja COCHA Cuatrojos.
BAMBA Cochabamba Mizque Poopo S. Pedro Pk Pampan Aullagas ORURO Sabaya 0 Sta Rosa Francisco Pornebuela osta Cruz de la Sierra Chilop SANTA Colquehaca Abapo Challapata Suere Potosi Charagua Pisagua Tarapaca Chiapa Tomavi Porcoo Huanchaon POTOST Iquiques TARA La Noria Patillos Barra Huanillos Loa R.
Quillagua Tocopilla Cobijapu Trancoso Porto Seguro Santa Cruz Mejillones Mani Wiscachilla ET Toco Calum S. Pedro Atocha Tupiza Swamp of Brotas p Coenes Pocone Lourenco Sto. Corazon CRU Santiago La Cachela Balkin Masabi Sto. Domingo Blanca Potrerito Espira Saipuru Parapiti Vina Punta CHUQUISACA CamargoS S. Francisco Incobina o Tacura Islem Keira Quilma o Pacheco TA Quaeaarija A R come J B ranatin Porto R (Maraua Montaleg Alemquer Aveiro C G orou Anaul R Cratap Maisellno Souze Ambe aquara Gree cate Juruna Village Quiriri R Village Martius Cat.
R Cát Rapids uru S ER Pedras Plateau of Amanages Matto Grosso Theresa Christinal • Sade São Jeronymo Imperatriz Santa Ro Poco de Piars Coxim Faquary Fazenda Cachip C.Cachipur Gurupa Orto Antonio Bacaja B Cachipour Counani L 800 Carapaporis Channel R MARAÇA I.
Durluri Channel A C.Raso do Norte Mouths of the Canal do Norte Amazon FUNDAD J SCALE OF MILES RIO DE JANEIRO K FRADES Inhauma SACUPAYA I.
Inhauma Bay MIRUY S.Francisco Xavior S. Francisco Aaver Sta perial Engenho V.Isabel Andarahy Canal Perigoso Nazon River VIANA De Nazareth MIXIANA 1.
Canal do Sul Trucuria C.Magoarl Mt.S.João 45 RIO DE JANEIRO STA.BARBARA 1.
S.Christovão Comprido To S. Antonio Porto de Bareto BAY Morro d'Armacao ENCHADAS 1.
Gulf of RIO Fal da Varioca Mt.de Dona Martha arange Alto do Corcovado Ft.
Praia Grande Bay Sao Domingo Ft.Gravata Ft. Boa Villegagnon Da Gloria Nictheroy Jearahy Praia R Jurujubu Jurujuba Pt. Jurujuba Bay Catete Ft. Lage Ft. S. João Botafoga Açucar 0 Ft.
Sta. Cruz Praia de Pora D Botalogo raia Vermers Praia do Tinhos Botonical M. da Garden Rodrigo Sanado Joannes Rio Para or Tocantins Javes ISLA MARAJO Broves Oehas Curuen TERRITORY Pon Esteyao Para) Outer Lurup, ot/ Tamandua Bay Tury assu Tury-o Cururupu Abate S. Domingogy Moju Sta Annaອຄົນ Camata Carmo Patos R Badajoontes Aureos S..Jodo das duas Darras I Sta. Mar Sa. dos Bon Ped Affo Braco Majo BANANA Manor Sa Chavan Araguar Gradaus tuante Sado Estrondo B.
Tocantins Araguaya R.
Sa dos Picos Bentos Alcantara Pimenta linna panya do Moucho Desor Aldea ordem Caracaray Boa Cajacaja peratriz Barthol Palmneira Porto Franco incente Chupada Carolina Ria de Freitas Lake EQUATOR Guimaraes S.
Marcos B.
Maranhão (S. Luiz) Capelli Coronta Codo Britiba Miguel Tutoya Re S.Francisco Mora Arinda R a.do Penitenb Dry de Sa. do Duro Carixas S.Pedro Parnahyba R.
D OCOTUNDUBAI, ATLANTIC Pt. Leme Copacabana 40° OCEAN 35° C A TERRITORY Parnahyba Camocin Jericoacoara Acaraçu Almofala Mundahu Paracuru stre Maruas UH Anaparie Caninde Riachuelo Sal 20 R Rode 2 3 4 Pessem Ceara (Fortaleza) Cascavel Aracaty Pt.Cajuaz Incau Caissara San Christo ittinga C.St.Roque 5 Natal Tubatinga Formosa ahyba Blanco Cape 5 nambuco (Recife) Barreiros Porto das Pedras Maceio 10 Piassabussu S. Francisco R. 100 Estancia 300 SCALE OF KILOMETERS 200 SCALE OF STATUTE MILES Draco do Plauny Sa, dois Irmãos R Tombadore 0 Sta. Marie I Agua Гарета Balxo Qy madas Suja B.Rita Pinguella Carmo Barra neob ge Natividade Duro Boavista Conceição moeiro B Mundo Novo Palma Cavaleante YAZ Flore Quente Channel Pto da Manga Urucuia Matta da Cordo Urub Bandeira Caytete Rio Par Pactuhy Gorotuba Brojo Coração Sal Minas Nova CERAES 45 Parauna velle Theophilo Otton!
Riach Cachoeira A Railways shown thus
Important towns are shown in heavy face type 400 São Salvador All Saints Bay 300 Valenca 600 Taboas Ilheos Una 800 Belmonte Santa Cruz Porto Seguro Trancoso Prado V.Isabel Vicasa Itaunas Villa da Barra de St.Matheus aracatu Itacaiusinho Sangra-douro Jurup Jaragua egistro Yaz Corunil Coruniba Sta Bella Vista Sta Anna artha Bomlin Para Pouso Alto Sta Dores erde Tocantins talao Sta Rita Hahus Ingunry Bagagem 20 rocinio Naque Linhares Uberaba Sacramento Sabay Botonical Regencia S.Cruz P'to de Anham pura Sta. Ri do Para Antonio Bello Hor Ouro Preto Curango ictoria EQUATOR Passos Guaraparim Star vanhandaya Itapemirim Varginha Sao S. Sebastião Campos Quiçaman Macahe C.Frio Corumba Albuquerque Puerto Puerto Terenos Vargas Alden t. Olimpo or Barbon Villa Nioabi Aguafria Gertrulles Pidma Apitema o Galapa d uay Iguibobo Confluencia Tayasuyania Carapari Juntas del Itau Ft.Lavalle Irua Dragones FORMOSA Motin TER. OF Lipez Chico Gaciny Sta. Victoria Atacama RosarioSALTA Licancaur Vol.40621 LOS Los JUJU Oran ANTOFAGASTA ANDE ARGENTINAR 70° LOS Sta Rosa Dos Dourados Campos de mambay Pusta Bellavista Vilta de Salvador PARAGUAY Concepcion 65 E Longitude 60° West F from 55° P Paranahyba Pirapo Nantes Calupos Greenwich G 50° Sorocaba H 45° Corcovado Alto do SPIRITO Bonito Aldea de S. Pedro I.GRANDE RIO DE JANEIRO Sta.Cruz J ATLANTIG K SOUTH AMERICA 15 7 20 RIO DE JANEIRO K Copyright, L. L. Poates Eng. Co. 1921 SOUTH AFRICAN WAR nature, General Smuts made a strong protest against some of its terms and announced that he signed the Peace Treaty only under protest. General Botha returned home in July, 1919, and died suddenly at Pretoria on Aug. 28, 1919. He was succeeded as Premier by General Smuts. As compared with most of the other countries which had been involved in the World War, the Union suffered, during 1919 and 1920, comparatively few of the difficulties which the return to peace conditions brought about policies elsewhere. Business was in a prosperous condition and the far-sighted po of the government in respect to the reestablishment of ex-soldiers and to the prevention of unemployment, met the issues at stake succes successfully. issues at stake successfully. SOUTH AFRICAN WAR. See BOER WAR.