Stuttgart
capital of the Republic of Württemberg, Southern Germany, beautifully situated near the left bank of the Neckar, and closely surrounded by vineyard slopes, 816 feet above the sea.
With the exception of part of the lower and older town, it consists of spacious streets and squares lined with fine buildings, among the latter being the new palace, finished in 1807; the old palace (1570); the Stiftskirche, a Gothic structure of the 15th century; the Gothic hospital church, containing a statue of our Saviour by Dannecker; and several other churches; the royal library (400,000 vols.); the museum and picture gallery; the polytechnic school; a great building containing the exchange and concert rooms, etc.; the theater, the town hall, and many other buildings. There are several high-class educational establishments, the polytechnic being the chief. Before the World War Stuttgart was the chief center in south Germany for the book trade, connected with which were paper mills, type foundries, printing presses, and thographic establishments. The other leading manufactures included dyes, chemicals, woolen and cotton goods, various fancy articles, jewelry, musical in struments, mathematical and scientific instruments, liquors, confectionery, and beer. Stuttgart dates from 1229, and in 1320 became the residence of the counts of Würtemberg. From 1436 to 1482 it was much improved and enlarged, and has since, with only a short interval, been the capital. E. from Stuttgart, and almost connected with it by the royal palace grounds, is the town of Cannstatt.
Pop. about 286,000.