Targowitz
a small town in the province of Kieve, Russia; noted for the Targowitz Confederation or plot formed here (May 14, 1702) by five TARGUM that this Aramaic version was honored with being called after it. This Targum seems to have been originally produced among the scholars of R. Akiba between A. D. 150 and 200 in Palestine, and sent to Babylonia, where it was more needed; wherefore it is called Babli. Here it was probably edited about 300, and afterward voweled in the Babylonian method. Subsequently voweled in the Palestinian method, it spread from Palestine over the world. It is an excellent translation for the people, and adheres more closely to the Masoretic text than any other ancient translation. It is useful for the exegete, the linguist, and the antiquary.
Two other Targums on the Pentateuch have hitherto been known as Targum Jonathan ben Uzziel and Targum Jerushalmi. They are of the Palestinian or Syrian growth. Jerushalmi is fragmen- Polish nobles, who were instigated by tary, and appears to be a Haggadic sup- Catherine II. Its object was the over-plement to Onkelos. The Pseudo-Jonathrow of the constitution, and it led to the second partition of POLAND (q. v.).