Tiernan
FRANCES FISHER (pseudonym, CHRISTIAN REID), an American novelist; born in Salisbury, N. C. Her many works include: "Valerie Aylmer" (1870); "Mabel Lee" (1871); "Morton House" (1871); "Ebb Tide" (1872); TIERNAN of the Sky" (1875) ; "After Many Days" Question of Honor" (1875) "The Land (1875) ; "Hearts and Hands" (1875) ; "A Inheritance" (1873); "A Daughter of Bohemia" (1873); "A Gentle Belle" (1875); "Hearts and Hands" (1875); "A Question of Honor" (1875); "The Land of the Sky" (1875); "After Many Days" Fortune" (1885) "Miss Churchill" (1887) "A Child of Mary" (1887) "Philip's Restitution" (1888) "The Land of the Sun"; "A Woman of Fortune"; (1885); "Miss Churchill" Fortune" (1887); "A Child of Mary" (1887); "Philip's Restitution" (1888); "The Land of the Sun"; "A Woman of Fortune"; "Chase of an Heiress"; etc. and numerous small islands, lying off the consisting of a group of several large and numerous small islands, lying off the S. extremity of South America; in lat. 54° S., lon. 70° W.; separated from the continent by the Strait of Magellan. Its extreme S. point is formed by Cape Horn.
The principal island, Tierra del Fuego, sometimes known as King Charles South Land, is divided between Chile and Argentine Republic, to the latter of which Staten Island also belongs. All the other islands and islets are included in Chile.
The shores of the archipelago are generally much broken by and indented with bays and arms of the sea, with mountains rising abruptly from the water. These fjords, as a rule, contain deep water at their shoreward extremities, with bars, or, more properly, banks at the sea entrances; in this feature, as well as in their scenery, resembling many of the salt water lochs on the W. coast of Scotland.
The whole group is mountainous, the high hills of the mainland (Tierra del The whole group is mountainous, the Fuego) attaining a height of 7,000 feet, the snow line being at an altitude of 4,000 feet above sea-level. There are some dreary plains and a few fertile river val- feet above sea-level. There are some leys, with areas of marshy ground between Useless and St. Sebastian Bays. None of the rivers are important, unless tween Useless and St. Sebastian Bays. leys, with areas of marshy ground beit be the Juarez Celman, which is believed to be navigable for a considerable distance above its mouth. Toward the lieved to be navigable for a considerable it be the Juarez Celman, which is be- N. the plains produce good pasturage and sheep farming is carried on. Forests of cypress cover large areas.
Few island groups situated so close to continental land exhibit a poorer fauna than is here small rodent), dog, fox, and rat being the quadrupeds, with the exception of only qua the lately introduced farm stock. The dog is is semi-domesticated, and is kept by the natives in immense numbers. Birds, however, are abundant and various, including Vanellus cayanus, Surnia fucluding Vanellus cayanus, Surnia fu- however, are abundant and various, in- the natives in immense numbers. Birds, TIFFIN variety of sea birds. Seals and sealions, once almost innumerable along the shores, have grown scarce and wild, especially in the N. portion. some rising, and the coast line has advanced 3 kilometers since the date of the surveys of Captain The land of Tierra del Fuego is rapidly (1831-1836). The rocks are principally uncommon on the principal island, and volcanic, but sedimentary strata are not probably on ain (1831-1836). The rocks are principally of Captain
King (1826-1828) and Fitzroy syenite, porphyry, quartz, serpentine, description, and a little gold have been others. found. Settled weather never lasts for the principal rocks. Some coal, of a poor Granite, more than a fortnight at a time. Decemthe principal rocks. Some coal, of a poor ber, January and February warmest months. March is exceedingly ber, January and February are the boisterous always, and during its course ry are the occur the most destructive gales. divided into three tribes, the Onas (or Aonas), the Yaghans, and the Alakalufs, divided into three tribes, the Onas (or The people are savages of a low type, the Yaghans being now supposed to be The people are savages of a low type, the aborigines. In the eastern part under the Argentine Government, the population is about 3,000, of whom one-third are whites.
College, Andover Theological Seminary, lation is about 3,000, of whom one-third an American clergyman; born in Baltiberg and Berlin; ordained in the Protestmore in 1829; was educated at Dickinson ant Episcopal Church in 1866; held and the Universities of Halle, Heidelcharges in Boston and New York in ant Episcopal Church in 1866; held pressions in Church Architecture"; charges in Boston and New York in "Modern Atheism"; "History of the 367-1890; and became archdeacon of Prayer Book and the Christian Life." He died Aug. 20, 1907.
Protestant Episcopal Church"; "The 1867 Feb. 18, 1848; studied art in New York and Paris; has done considerable decora-