Toscanini
ARTURO, an Italian orchestral conductor, born at Parma, in 1867. He studied at the Conservatory of Parma, and first conducted at Turin, being later engaged for the Dal Verme in Milan, where Gatti-Casazza secured his services for La Scala. There he had opportunities of exhibiting his ability as an operatic and symphonic conductor, and, as a result, became, in 1908, principal conductor at the Metropolitan Opera House, New York. His musical memory is remarkable and he directed without score more than a hundred operas of all nationalities and schools.