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Trent (TRENTINO TOBLINO CASTLE)
IN THE TRENTINO TOBLINO CASTLE, TRENTINO TRIESTE ON THE ADRIATIC TOKIO-Colored Frontispiece, Vol. X PRESIDENTIAL INAUGURAL, 1921 PRESIDENT-ELECT HARDING TAKES OATH OF OFFICE PRESIDENT HARDING AND HIS CABINET HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES SUPREME COURT CHAMBER SENATE CHAMBER
STATE, ARMY AND NAVY BUILDING THE WHITE HOUSE Opposite page 180, Vol. X
PUBLIC CONSISTORY IN THE VATICAN
PITCH LAKE, ISLAND OF TRINIDAD NATURAL BRIDGE, CEDAR CANON, UTAH VALPARAISO, CHILE THE ARSENAL, VENICE
CHARLOTTE AMALIE, VIRGIN ISLANDS HARBOR OF VLADIVOSTOK GRAND CANAL, VENICE Opposite page 276, Vol. X
ERUPTION OF STROMBOLI VOLCANO
MT. PELÉE, WHICH DESTROYED ST. PIERRE, ISLAND OF MARTINIQUE A LAVA FLOW ON KILAUEA, ISLANDS GRAND OPERA HOUSE, WARSAW WINNIPEG, MANITOBA WHEAT FIELDS, SASKATCHEWAN HAWAIIAN WIRE ENTANGLEMENTS-WORLD WAR WOUNDED SOLDIERS BROUGHT IN BY PRIS- ONERS Opposite page 308, Vol. X WASHINGTON WITH HIS FAMILY STUART PORTRAIT OF WASHINGTON STUART PORTRAIT OF MARTHA WASHINGTON SULGRAVE MANOR, ANCESTRAL HOUSE OF WASHINGTON PAGES OF WASHINGTON'S ACCOUNTS MARTHA WASHINGTON'S CHAMBER MOUNT VERNON, WASHINGTON'S HOME TOMB OF WASHINGTON AT MOUNT VERNON THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT FROM THE POTOMAC Opposite page 388, Vol. X WOODROW WILSON MARINES IN BELLEAU WOOD ENTERING ST. MIHIEL SALIENT ADVANCING ON THE HINDENBURG LINE AMERICANS IN THE ARGONNE FOREST CLEMENCEAU ADDRESSES GERMAN DELEGATES CROWD ABOUT VERSAILLES PALACE "THE WARS OF AMERICA"
Opposite page 468, Vol. X WORLD WAR - CANADIAN TROOPS ON THE RHINE YPRES, BEFORE THE WAR YPRES, AT THE CLOSE OF THE WAR YOKOHAMA, JAPAN SISAL PLANTATION, YUCATAN BRIDGE OVER ZAMBEZI RIVER ZULU WAR DANCE ZURICH, SWITZERLAND List of Maps VOLUME I ABYSSINIA-SEE EGYPT, ABYSSINIA, AND NORTH- ARKANSAS ASIA, EASTERN PART EASTERN AFRICA AFGHANISTAN ASIA, EASTERN PART SEE PERSIA, AFGHANISTAN,
BALUCHISTAN, AND PARTS OF CENTRAL ASIA ASIA, NORTHERN PART AFRICA ALABAMA ALASKA ALBERTA ANTARCTIC REGIONS ARABIA-SEE TURKEY IN ASIA AND ARABIA ARCTIC REGIONS ARIZONA ASIA, WESTERN PART AUSTRALIA AND MELANESIA AUSTRIA-HUNGARY BALKAN STATES BALUCHISTAN-SEE PERSIA, AFGHANISTAN, BAL- UCHISTAN AND PARTS OF CENTRAL ASIA BELGIUM-SEE NETHERLANDS AND BELGIUM BRITISH COLUMBIA BULGARIA-SEE BALKAN STATES BURMA, SIAM, FRENCH INDO-CHINA COLORADO CONNECTICUT VOLUME II CALIFORNIA CALIFORNIA CENTRAL AMERICA CHINESE REPUBLIC CHINESE REPUBLIC SEE MARYLAND, DELAWARE, AND DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA-SEE MARYLAND, DELA- WARE AND DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA EAST INDIA ISLANDS DELAWARE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA DENMARK EGYPT, ABYSSINIA, AND NORTHEASTERN AFRICA VOLUME IV DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FRENCH INDO-CHINA-SEE BURMA, SIAM, FRENCH INDO-CHINA DENMARK EUROPE, WESTERN PART GEORGIA GERMANY FLORIDA FRANCE, NORTHERN PART GEORGIA EUROPE, EASTERN PART GERMANY GREECE-SEE BALKAN STATES VOLUME V FLORIDA ILLINOIS INDIA INDIANA IOWA IRELAND ITALY JAPAN KANSAS KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE VOLUME VI MASSACHUSETTS MELANESIA-SEE AUSTRALIA AND MELANESIA LOUISIANA INDIA INDIANA MARYLAND, DELAWARE AND DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA MEXICO MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA LIST OF MAPS VOLUME VI-Continued MONTENEGRO SEE BALKAN STATES NEBRASKA NETHERLANDS, BELGIUM NEVADA NEW BRUNSWICK, NOVA
SCOTIA, AND PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND NEW HAMPSHIRE AND VERMONT OHIO OKLAHOMA ONTARIO OREGON PALESTINE PANAMA CANAL PENNSYLVANIA RHODE ISLAND RUMANIA-SEE BALKAN STATES RUSSIA SASKATCHEWAN NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW YORK NEW ZEALAND
NORTHERN ASIA-SEE ASIA, NORTHERN NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA NORWAY AND SWEDEN NOVA SCOTIA - SEE NEW BRUNSWICK, NOVA
SCOTIA, AND PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND VOLUME VII PERSIA, AFGHANISTAN, BALUCHISTAN, AND PARTS OF CENTRAL ASIA PHILIPPINE ISLANDS PORTO RICO PORTUGAL-SEE SPAIN AND PORTUGAL PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND - SEE NEW BRUNS-
WICK, NOVA
SCOTIA, AND PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND QUEBEC VOLUME VIII SIAM-SEE BURMA, SIAM, FRENCH INDO-CHINA SOUTH AMERICA, NORTHERN PART SOUTH AMERICA, SOUTHERN PART SOUTH CAROLINA SCOTLAND SPAIN AND PORTUGAL SWEDEN-SEE NORWAY AND SWEDEN SOUTH DAKOTA VOLUME IX SWITZERLAND TENNESSEE-SEE KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE TEXAS VOLUME X TURKEY IN ASIA AND ARABIA UNITED STATES UTAH VERMONT- SEE NEW HAMPSHIRE AND VERMONT VIRGINIA AND WEST VIRGINIA WALES-SEE ENGLAND AND WALES WASHINGTON WEST INDIES WEST VIRGINIA-SEE VIRGINIA AND WEST VIR- GINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING "A-BERNARD" Key to Pronunciation as in pale, mate. Also see ě, below. oi as in toil, and for eu in German. 66 " 00 mood, food, fool, and as u in " 66 chaotic, lend. rule. â 66 66 rare, care. " " ou mouse. ă “ " lamb. ū " " rule. ä 66 " farm. 66 "rut. á 66 "
pant, and final a in America. armada, etc. " ụ " " pull, put, or as 00 in book.
Also for ü in German, and a " tall. u in French. ē " " feel. û " "turn, urn, burn. ė " " emerge. “ 66 y yield. " " rend.
The characters ě, ā, and â are used for ä, ae in German, as in Baedeker, Gräfe, Händel. The sound of Swedish ä is also sometimes indicated by ě, some-n times by â or ă. ch 66 "choose. g " " gold. hw hw " wh in what. " in monger. 66 ng ẽ 66 66 " learn, fern, her, and as i in stir. 오 "lent, where it is of a neutral i or obscure quality. 66 i " mice. " 66 fill, ill, fit. " ة " told. 아 66 " sobriety.
Ô " " for. ŏ " " pot. 66 66 song. sh " show. th 66 66 zh 66 thing. z in azure, and s in pleasure.
Sometimes apostrophes are used to indicate a neutral or connecting vowel.
Where the accent of a syllable indicates clearly its pronunciation, no attempt is made of respelling the word. This is true of most common English words and words which are plainly pronounced as they are spelled.
A A, a, the first letter in the English alphabet, as in those of all the modern Indo-European tongues. The Latin alphabet also commences with a, and the Greek with a similar letter, alpha. In Sanscrit the vowels are classified by grammarians separately from the consonants. The vowels are placed first, and two sounds of a, the first a very short one, intermediate between ă and ŭ, as in the word Veda, and the other long, as in the first syllable of Brahman, head the list. In the Semitic, also, more accurately called the Syro-Arabian, family of languages, a letter with the a sound stands first in order. Thus the Hebrew alphabet commences with A (Aleph), followed in succession by B (Beth), C (Gimel), D (Daleth), designations which at once suggest the names of the Greek letters Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta. The old Hebrew, the Aramæan, and the Greek letters seem to have come from the Phœnician, a Syro-Arabian tongue. The Phoenician letters, again, as Gesenius suggests, may have been derived from the Egyptian hieroglyphics.
A as an initial is used: 1. In chronology, for Anno (Lat.)= in the year, as A. D., Anno Domini = in the year of our Lord; A. U. C., Anno urbis conditæ in the year of the city founded -i. e., from the foundation of the city (Rome) 753 в. c. (Varro). 2. In horology, for the Lat. prep. ante =before, as a. m. (ante meridiem)=before noon. 3. In designating g university degrees, for Artium, as A. M. (Lat.), or M. A. (Eng.), Artium Magister Master of Arts; A. B. (Lat.), or B. A. (Eng.), Artium Baccalaureus = Bachelor of Arts. 4. In music, for alto, as S. A. T. B. soprano, alto, tenor, bass. 5. In nautical language, for able. Thus, A. B. able-bodied seaman. 6. In commerce, for accepted, and is used specially of bills.
A as a symbol stands for: 1. In logic, a universal affirmative. 2. In music, the 6th note of the diatonic scale of C major, corresponding to the la of the Italians and the French. 3. In heraldry, the chief in an escutcheon. 4. In nautical language, A-1 = a vessel of the first class, excellently built. Figuratively, anything highly excellent; the best of its class. 5. In mathematics, A and the other letters of the alphabet are used, e. g., in Euclid, to represent lines, angles, points, etc. In algebra, a and the other first letters of the alphabet are used to express known quantities, and the last letter to express such as are unknown.
AACHEN. See AIX-LA-CHAPELLE.