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Utrecht (PEACE OF a series of separate)

PEACE OF, a series of separate treaties agreed on at Utrecht by the powers which had been engaged in the war of the Spanish Succession.

On April 11, 1713, the States-General, Prussia, Portugal, and Savoy, signed separate treaties with France. The emperor refused to accede to the peace, and his differences with France were subsequently adjusted by the treaties of Rastadt and Baden in 1714. By the treaty with England, France, among other things, recognized the Hanoverian succession, engaged never to unite the crowns of France and Spain, and ceded to England Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, St. Kitt's and Hudson Bay and Straits.

Gibraltar and Minorca were also ceded on behalf of Spain. Holland retained the Spanish Netherlands till a barrier treaty was arranged with Austria. Louis XIV. recognized the title of the King of Prussia, who received a part of Spanish Guelderland, and the sovereignty of Neufchâtel in Switzerland, while renouncing the principality of Orange. Savoy and Nice were restored to the Duke of Savoy, who was recognized as presumptive heir to the Spanish monarchy, and received the title of king. Philip V. was not recognized till the conclusion of these treaties, but France treated for Spain and formal treaties corresponding with those with France were afterward signed with that power.