Yung Wing
a Chinese diplomatist. born in Nanping, China, Nov. 17, 1828; came to the United States in 1847; was graduated at Yale College in 1854; and in 1864 was commissioned by the Chinese Government to buy machinery in the United States for the arsenal of Kiang-Nau. In 1870 he proposed to the Chinese Government the settlement of claims for the massacre of Christians at Tientsin by establishing a line of steamers to carry a tribute of rice, the outgrowth of which was the celebrated China Merchant Steam Navigation Company. He was also influential in persuading the Chinese Government to provide for the education of Chinese youth in foreign countries, that intercourse with foreigners might be made easier.
In 1875 he married Miss Mary Kellog of Hartford, Conn., an act which met with disfavor, with the Chinese authorities and led to his recall. In 1878, however, he was appointed assistant minister of China to the United States, where he remained till the outbreak of the Chino-Japanese War, when he was ordered to China. At the close of the war he was appointed one of the peace commissioners, but on the refusal of the Japanese to recognize him because of his rank he was replaced by Chang-Ten- Hoon. Subsequently he was raised in rank and in 1897 represented the Chinese Government at Queen Victoria's jubilee. He died in 1912.
YUNNAN (-nän'), the extreme S. W. province of China; bounded on the S. by Annam, Siam, and Burma; on the W. by Burma; area, 107,969 square miles; pop. about 12,000,000. It is extremely rich in minerals, especially iron and copper, containing also many varieties of precious stones. At least a third of the cultivated land is said to be under the poppy. The inhabitants are for the most part Chinese; but there is a large number of non-Chinese Mohammedans (called by the Burmese Panthays).
The chief imports into Yunnan are raw cotton, cotton yarn, and piece goods; opium and tin are the chief exports. In 1869 the Mohammedans rose in rebellion against the Chinese Government, and succeeded in establishing an independent government, but it lasted only three or four years. By the con- vention of Chefoo in 1876 the establishindependent government, but it lasted only three or four years. By the convention of Chefoo in 1876 the establishment of commercial relations between British subjects and Yunnan was conceded by the Chinese Government. In 1897 an agreement was made between Great Britain and China, supplementing the Frontier Convention of March, 1894, which laid down a boundfor trade, extradition, etc. The quescies and Yunnan and made arrangements for trade, extradition, etc. The question of access to Yunnan and Szechuen is one of great importance to the commercial nations of Europe. The shortest route to Yunnan is through French territory by the Red river. There are competing routes through Burma. A part of Yunnan is most easily reached Bhamo. The Indian railway system is being extended to Kunlong Ferry, on the of Yunnan is most easily reached from Bhamo. The Indian railway system is being extended to Kunlong Ferry, on the bly on to Szechuen, may be and possibly capital of Siam; 40 miles N. of Bang-