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Bright Yellow Stain

Wood used for varnishes, but poppy and nut oil are also occasionally employed. Among the substances employed in the manufacture of varnishes are turpentine, copal, mastich, lac, elemi, sandarach, anime, and amber, to impart body and lustre; benzoin to impart scent; gamboge, turmeric, saffron, annotto, and Socotrine aloes, to give a yellow color; dragon's blood to give a red tinge; asphaltum to give a black color and body; caoutchouc to inpart body, toughness, and elasticity. Varnish constitutes a distinct branch of manufacture, and many of them can be advantageously or safely made only on the large scale on premises adapted for the purpose. 2868. Preparation of Linseed Oil for Making Oil Varnishes. In the manufacture need not be stained yellow, as a small piece of oil varnishes, one of the most important OIL VARNISHES. points is the use of good drying oil. Linseed | two-thirds filled. However, a piece of board oil for this purpose should be pale, limpid, sufficiently large to cover the top of the vesbrilliant, scarcely odorous, and mellow and sel should always be at hand in case the spirits sweet to the taste. 100 gallons of such oil should take fire; as also a wet wrapper, in are put into an iron or copper boiler capable case it should be spilled, as water itself thrown of holding 150 gallons, and gradually heated on would only increase the mischief. The to a gentle simmer for 2 hours, to expel mois- person who attends the varnish-pot should ture; the scum is then carefully removed, and have his hands covered with gloves, and, if 14 pounds scale litharge, 12 pounds red lead, they are made of leather, and rather damp, it and 8 pounds powdered umber (all carefully will effectually prevent injury. These cardried and free from moisture), are gradually sprinkled in; the whole is then kept well stirred, to prevent the dryers sinking to the bottom, and the boiling is continued at a gentle heat, for 3 hours longer; the fire is next withdrawn, and, in 24 to 36 hours, the scum is carefully removed, and the clear oil decanted from the bottom. This forms the best boiled or drying oil.