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Soft Sealing-Wax for Diplo- syrup

Both cane and grape sugar form mas. Take 16 parts yellow wax, 3 turpen- soluble compounds with lime salts, and contine, 1 olive oil; after it is melted, the cinna- sequently prevent their separation as incrustbar, or other coloring matter, is stirred in the ations. One engineer found that 10 pounds compound. of brown sugar protected his boiler for two molasses with success, introducing a gallon at a time. 2333. Fatty Substances as Preventives. One writer used whale oil to prevent 2328. To Take Proof-Impressions of months; another, that 6 pounds of corn starch Seals and Stamps. For this purpose the syrup had a similar effect. Another used very best sealing-wax is melted as usual by a flame, and carefully worked on the surface to which it is applied, until perfectly even; the stamp is then firmly and evenly pressed into it. The flame of a spirit lamp is preferable, incrustations, 2 or 3 gallons at a time. Others having no tendency to blacken the wax. A smear the inside of the boiler with various beautiful dead appearance is given to the im- mixtures of a fatty character. Stearine, pression by dusting the stamp, before using mixed with wood ashes, charcoal and tar, has it, with a finely-powdered pigment of the same color as the wax; thus, for vermilion sealing-wax, powdered vermilion, &c.

In been recommended, or tallow, with soap and charcoal diluted with oil or tar, or tallow and graphite. This plan could not well be applied to a locomotive boiler with its numerous tubes, even though it should prove effective in cylinder boilers.

2334. Anti-Incrustation Powders, a lengthy article on the subject, which &c., for Boilers. Regarding incrustation appeared in the "Scientific American," Pro- powders in use, Professor Chandler makes fessor Chandler gives the substances referred the following suggestions and recommendato in the four following receipts, as having tions: Incrustation powders, bearing generbeen recommended by practical men, for the ally the names of their proprietors, are expurpose of preventing incrustations in boilers: tensively advertised and sold; they are either 2330. Wood Chips, Bark, &c., as a worthless or are sold at such extravagant Preventive of Incrustation. Catechu, prices as to make their use extremely ill-advisnut-galls, oak bark, shavings and sawdust, tan ed. I have examined several of them. Those bark, tormentilla root, mahogany, logwood, which are at all valuable consist of one or etc. These substances all contain more or less more of the substances already mentioned, tannic acid, associated with soluble extractive and the only novel result of their use is the and coloring matters. When they are intro- payment of many times the commercial value, duced into the boiler, the soluble constituents for a fair article. One which is put up in tin are dissolved by the water, and basic tannate boxes, containing about one pound, at $2.50 of lime is formed, which separates as a loose each, contains carbonate of lime, 95.35 parts; deposit, and does not adhere to the sides of carbonate of magnesia, 0.67 parts; and oxide the boiler. It is preferable to use the aqueous extract, as sawdust, chips, etc., are liable to find their way into the cocks and tubes, although they act mechanically, receiving inof iron, 4.15 parts. It differs little from some of the incrustations in composition, and is of no value whatever. Another contains logwood, 75.00 parts; chloride of ammonia, GLASS. 15.00 parts; chloride of barium, 10.00 parts. The fusion is performed in large crucibles of This is a very good article, but at the price refractory fire-clay; in making lead glass, the for which it is sold it cannot be used in quanti- crucible is covered with a dome, and an openin quanti- crucible is covered with a dome, and an openties sufficient to produce much effect. In ing left in the side, through which the mateing left in the side, through which the matefact, chloride of barium is too expensive to be rials are put in and the melted glass withto be rials are put in and the melted glass withused in this country at all. drawn. Carbonates and other crystalline

2335. To Guard Against Incrusta- matter used in glass making, require to be dry. tion in Boilers. Professor Chandler recom- (See No. 2065.) Certain mineral oxides give mends the following precautions: The use of glass a variety of color, sometimes of a very the purest waters that can be obtained, rain undesirable kind. Should the paste contain water wherever possible. Frequent use of the traces of iron, instead of producing white use of the traces of iron, instead of producing whito blow-off cock. That the boilers never be glass there will be only the common bottleboilers never be glass there will be only the common bottleemptied while there is fire enough to harden glass; and if the iron be in larger proportions, the deposit. Frequent washing out. Exper- the dark green shade will be the result. On iments on the efficacy of zinc, lime -water, the contrary, add a certain quantity of oxide carbonate of soda, carbonate of baryta, chlor- of lead to a pure base of potash, and the ide of ammonium, some substance containing beautiful crystal glass is formed; a still larger tannic acid, linseed meal, and the electro- dose, and the diamond paste, with its wonderdose, and the diamond paste, with its wondermagnetic inductor. 2336. Management of the Water to Prevent Boiler Incrustation. Blowing off. The frequent blowing off of small quantities of water, say a few gallons at a time , is undoubtedly one of the most effective and simple methods for removing sediments and preventing their hardening on the sides of the boiler. The water entering the boiler should be directed in such a way as to sweep the loose particles toward the blow-off cocks , that when these are open they may be carried out with the water. This blowing off should take place at least two or three times daily, perhaps much oftener.