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To Make Soap

Having thus prepared the lye, the first, second and third lyes being sufficient for general purposes, take 20 pounds of pure grease, and melt it slowly in an iron vessel; keep it at a moderate heat, and stir in, a little at a time, 10 pounds third lye; after stirring for about an hour, let the mixture get up to a boiling heat, and then stir in, by degrees, 10 pounds second lye; this will complete the first stage of the process, which is termed saponification. The next step, called cutting up the pan, is to add, by degrees, a mixture of soda and lye with from 2 to 3 pounds common salt; this separates the excess of water from the curd, leaving a soapy paste; boil and stir for some time, then let it settle, and draw off the water. per cent. of oily fat, known as lard oil, and The third operation, clear boiling, has now to about 30 per cent. solid stearine. It makes a be performed; stir into the paste, by degrees, pure, white soap, and is frequently combined 5 pounds first lye; and, when perfectly mixed with tallow or other saponaceous fat. and smooth, boil the whole for two hours; 526. Bone Fat, obtained by boiling should the soap, during the intervals, become too liquid, which may happen when too weak a lye has been used, some salt, or a weak lye containing salt, must be added. The boiling