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9 Wed......10 Thur .10 Thur......11 Fri... 11 Fri.. .12 Sat. 12 ....

Wed..... 8 Thur 9 Fri......10 Sat.. ..11 Sun......12 Thur Fri..

Sat.. 10 Sun......11 8. Fri .... .. 8 Sat.. .... 8 Sun...... 8 .9 Sat 9 Sun... 9 ...

Mon..... 9 Sun......10 Mon.....10 Tues.....10 Mon.....11 Tues.....11 Wed. 11 Mon.....12 Tues.....12 Wed. 12 Thur....12 Sat.......13 Sun......13 Mon.....13 Tues.....13 Wed.....13 Thur....13 Fri......13 Sun..... 14 Mon.....14 Tues.....14 Wed.....14 Thur.. 14 Fri. .14 Sat......14 Mon.....15 Tues.....15 Wed. 15 Tues.....16 Wed.....16 Thur Thur.....15 Fri .15 Sat......15 Sun..... 15 Thur.....16 Fri .16 Sat... 16 Sun. 16 Mon.....16 Wed.....17 Thur....17 Fri .17 Sat.. .17 Sun......17 Mon....17 Tues.....17 Thur....18 Fri.....18 Sat... 18 Sun......18 Mon. 18 Tues.....18 Wed.....18 Fri .19 Sat..... 19 Sun.. .19 Mon.....19 Tues.....19 Wed.....19 Thur.... 19 Sat.......20 Sun.....20 Mon.....20 Tues.....20 Wed.....20 Thur.... 20 Fri......20 Sun......21 Mon.....31 Tues.....21 Wed. ..21 Thur.... 21 Fri.....21 Sat. .21 ...

Mon.....22 Tues.....22 Wed.....22 Thur....22 Fri......22 Sat......22 Sun......22 Tues.....23 Wed..... 23 Thur.....23 Fri...... 23 Sat...... 23 Sun......23 Mon.....23 Wed..... 24 Thur....24 Fri ..24 Sat.......24 Sun......24 Mon.....24 Tues..... 4 Thur.... 25 Fri......25 Sat. 25 Sun......25 Mon.....25 Tues.....25 Wed.....25 Fri...... 26 Sat......26 Sun......26 Mon.....26 Tues.....26 Wed.....26 Thur....26 Sat......27 Sun......27 Mon.....27 Tues...27 Wed.....27 Thur....27 Fri......27 Sun......28 Mon.....28 Tues.....28 Wed...28 Thur....28 Fri......28 Sat... ..28 Mon.....29 Tues...29 Wed. 29 ...

Thur....29 Fri...29 Sat......29 Sun......29 Tues.....30 Wed.30 Thu...30 Fri.......30 Sat......30 Sun......30 Mon.....30 Wed.....31 Thur....31 Fri... ..31 Sat......31 Sun......31 Mon. .31 Tues.....31 6148. Proportions of a Beautiful ground should be the same as from that point Body. The height should be exactly equal to the crown of the head. The knee should to the distance between the tips of the middle be precisely midway between the same point fingers of either hand when the arms are fully and the bottom of the heel. The distance extended. Ten times the length of the hand, from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger or seven and a half times the length of the should be the same as from the elbow to the foot, or five times the diameter of the chest from ne armpit to the other, should also each give the height of the whole body. The distance from the junction of the thighs to the middle line of the breast. From the top of the head to the level of the chin should be the same as from the level of the chin to that of the armpits, and from the heel to the toe. 6149. Loss Sustained by Different Substances in Drying. Grains.

Dried at Lose Grains. 100 Gallic Acid 2120 9.5 100 Sulphate of Quinine 212° 14.4 100 Arseniate of Soda 300° 40.38 100 Alum 400° 47. 100 Carbonate of Soda Dull Redness 63. 100 Phosphate of Soda " 63. 100.

Sulphate of Soda " 56. 100 Carbonate of Potassa “ 16.

Grains.

Dried at 29 Oxide of Silver Redness Leave Grains. 27 Metallic Silver 10 Oxalate of Cærium “ 100 Oxalate of Iron “ 27 4.8 Oxide with Peroxide Peroxide of Iron 50 Tartrate of Iron “ 50 Carbonate of Magnesia “ 15 Sesquioxide of Iron 22 Magnesia 6150. Table of Symbols and Equiva- 6151. Table of Symbols and Equivalents of Metallic Elements. The specific lents of Non-Metallic Elements. The gravity of the following are given at water specific gravity of these are given in their standard. The equivalents are multiples of gaseous form, air being the standard or 1.000. hydrogen, which is adopted as the basis, or 1.

The equivalents are multiples of hydrogen which is adopted as the basis or 1.

Equivalent.

Symbol.

Sp. Gr.

U. S. Dis. Ure.

Symbol.

Equivalent.

Specific U. S. Dis. Ure. Gravity.

Aluminum...

Al 13.70 13.67 2.56 Bromine Br 78.4 80.0 5.4110 Antimony (Stibium).

Sb 122.00 129.00 670 Arsenic.

As 75.00 5.67 Carbon C 6.0.8290 Barium..

Ba 68.70 68.50 4.70 Chlorine Cl 35.5 2.4530 Bismuth.

Bi 210.00 213.00 9.80 Fluorine Fl 18.7 19.0 1.3270 Boron.

B 10.90 11.00 2.68 Cadmium..

Cd 55.80 56.00 8.63 Hydrogen H 1.0 .0692 Calcium.

Ca 20.00 1.58 Iodine I 126.3 127.0 8.7827 Cerium.

Ce 46.00 Nitrogen N 14.0 .9713 Chromium..

Cr 26.30. 26.27 5.90 Oxygen 0 8.0 1.1056 Cobalt....

Co 29.50 8.53 Columbium (Tantalium) Ta 185.00 Phosphorus P 32.0 4.2840 Cæsium...

Ca 123.00 Selenium Se 40.0 7.6960 Copper (Cuprum).

Cu 31.70 32.00 8.72 Sulphur.

S 16.0 2.2140 Didymium........

D 47.50 48.00 Erbium..

E 56.30 Glucinium....

G 7.00 6.97 Gold (Aurum......

Au 199.00 98.33 19.4 Ilmenium....

Il 60.20 Indium...

In 74.00 Iridium...

Ir 98.80 98.56 18.63 Iron (Ferrum).

Lautanium....

La Fe 28.00 7.84 44.30 Lead (Plumbum).

Pb 103.60 104.00 11.30 Lithium..

L 7.00.59 Magnesium..

Mg 12.00 1.75 Manganese..

Mn 27.70 26.00 8.00 Mercury (Hydrargyrum) Hg 200.00 13.50 Molybdenum.

M 48.00 8.60 Nickel...

Ni Niobium.

Nb Norium...

No Osmium..

Os Palladium....

Pelopium...

Platinum.

Potassium (Kalium)..

K Rhodium.

Rubidium Rb 85.40 85.00 Ruthenium.....

Ru Silicon...

Si Silver (Argentum).

Ag Sodium (Natrium).

Na Strontium......

Sr Tellurium..

Te 64.00 64.08 6.30 Terbium..

Tb Thallium.

TI 204.00 Thorium.

Th 59.60 59.50 Tin (Stannum).

Sn 59.00 7.29 Titanium.

Ti 29.50 8.63 94.00

99.70 99.41 10.00 Pd 53.30 53.24 11.50 Pe Pt

39.20 39.00.86 6152. To Reduce Parts by Volume or Measure to Parts by Weight. Multiply the parts by volume or measure by the specific gravity of the different substances; the result will be parts by weight. 6153. To Find the Length of the Day or Night. To find the length of any day, double the time of sunset. Double the hour of sunrise will be the length of the night. 6154. To Reduce a Liquid to a Given Density. It has been already stated in No. 52 that the actual weight of any substance may be found by weighing an exactly equal bulk of water, and multiplying the weight found by the specific gravity of the substance; the product is the actual weight. To sim-

98.90 99.00 21.50 plify this, suppose that a liquid has a specific gravity of 1.325; also that a certain bulk of water (say any 1 measure) weighs 100 grains; then a similar bulk (1 measure) of the substance would weigh 100×1.325 = 132.5 grains. Now, supposing we wish to reduce the weight of this liquid, so that 1 measure of it shall weigh only 115.5 grains (that is, shall have a specific gravity of 1.155), how much water, added whose specific gravity is 1.000, must be added to it to produce this result?

Ro 52.20 52.16 11.20 52.20 52.118.60 21.30 21.00 108.00 10.43 23.30 23.00.97 43.80 44.00 2.54 From the nature of the proposition, it fol- Tungsten (Wolfram).

W Uranium.

U Vanadium.

Yttrium.

Y 92.00 17.20 lows that the bulk of the substance (1) multiplied by its specific gravity (1.325), added to the bulk of added (unknown) water multi- Zinc....

Zn Zirconium.

Zr 33.60 33.58 32.30 32.52 6.91 plied by its specific gravity (1.000), must be equal to the aggregate bulk of the substance 7 and of the water combined, multiplied by its | required specific gravity (1.155).

Putting the above words into shape, and assuming x to be the required bulk or quantity of water (1×1.325)+(x×1.000) = (1+x)×1.155 or 1.325 + 1.000x = 1.155+1.155x by subtracting 1.155 and 1.000 x from each side we have 6157. Gay Lussac's Alcoholmeter Reduced to Specific Gravity. This instrument exhibits the percentage of alcohol by volume in different alcoholic mixtures at 590 Fahr.

Per cent.

Per cent. of Alcohol Sp. Grav. Diff. by Volume. 100 .7947.0044 60 .9141.0021 .170.155x 95 .8168 .0036 55 .9248.0020 in other words the required 90 .8346.0031 50. .9348.0018 .170 = 1.097 85 8502 0028 45 .9440.0016 80 .8645.0031 40 .9523 .0014 75 .8799.0022 35 .9595.0002 70 .8907.0024 10 .9656.0034 65 .9027 .0023 0 1.0000 bulk of water, If, as supposed above, the measure assumed was such that it weighed 100 grains of, water, we should have to add 1096 grains of water to 1 measure of the substance to produce a mixture of specific gravity 1.155. 6155. Gay Lussac's Light Areometer Reduced to Specific Gravity. This instrument ranges from 0° to 50°, 0° corresponding with water at 59° Fahr. Degree. Sp. Gr. Diff.

The specific gravity of the intermediate degrees is found as explained in No. 6155, only that the difference must be added instead of subtracted. 6158. Beck's Heavy Areometer Reduced to Specific Gravity. This ranges from 0° to 76°, 0º corresponding with water at 544 Fahr. 00 1.0000 .0095 30° .7692 .0057 5 .9524.0087 35 .7407 .0053 10 .9090 .0079 40 Degree. Sp. Gr. Diff.

Degree. Sp. Gr. Diff. .7143.0049 15 .

8696 .0073 45 .6897 .0044 0° 1.0000.0061 45° 1.3600.0113 20 .

8333.0067 50 .6667 5 1.0303.0064 50 1.4167.0123 25 .8000 .0062 10 1.0625. .0068 55 1.4782 .0134 15

1.0968.0073 60 1.5454.0147 20

1.1333 .0078 65 1.6190.0162 25

1.1724 .0084 70 1.7000.0179 30

1.2143 .0090 75 1.7895 35 1.2592 .0097 76 1.8085 40 1.3077 .0105 This table gives the specific gravity corresponding to every 5 degrees of the scale. To find the specific gravity of intermediate degrees, the average difference between each degree is given in the third column, each given difference referring to the four degrees following the degree opposite which the difference is placed. Thus: To find the specific gravity corresponding with 33 degrees of the scale, look in the table for the specific gravity of the nearest lower degree given, in this instance 30°; and we find .7692; 33° is 3° more than 30°, hence we must deduct 3 times the given difference (.0057), or .0171; this last deducted from .7692 = .7521, which Deg. Sp. Gr. Diff. is the approximate specific gravity corresponding to 33° of the scale. The intermediate degrees of other areometers may be determined in a similar manner. The corresponding degrees of different areometers may also be found by a comparison with their respective specific gravities; allowance being made for difference of temperature.

Information showing the practical use of some of the areometers will be found in Nos. 58 to 68. 6156. Gay Lussac's Heavy Areometer Reduced to Specific Gravity. This areometer ranges from 0° to 50°, 0° representing water at 59° Fahr.

Degree. Sp. Gr. Diff.

The specific gravity of the intermediate degrees is obtained as shown in No. 6155, the differences being added instead of subtracted. 6159. Beck's Light Areometer Reduced to Specific Gravity. The scale on this areometer marks from 0° to 70°, 0° representing water at 541 Fahr. 00 5 1.0000 .0057 40° .9714 .0054 45 .8095.0038 .7907 .0036 10 .9444 .0051 50 7727.0034 15 .9189.0048 55 .7555.0033 20 .8947 .0046 60 .7391.0031 25 .8718 .0043 65 .7234 .0030 30 35 .8500 .0041 70 .7083 .8293.0040 The equivalents of the intermediate degrees may be found by the method given in No. 6155. 6160. Dutch Light Areometer Reduced to Specific Gravity. This areometer ranges from 0 to 60°, 0º denoting water.

Deg. Sp. Gr. Diff. 00 1.0000 .0105 30° 1.4286.0220 00 1.0000 .0067 35° .8045.0044 5 1.0526 .0117 35 1.5385 .0256 5 .9664.0063 40 .7826.0041 10 1.1111.0131 40 1.6667 .0303 10 .9351 .0059 45 .7619.0039 15 1.1765 .0147 45 1.8182 .0363 15 .9057 .0055 50 .7423.0037 The specific gravity of the intermediate degrees is found in the same manner as in No. 6155, only that the differences must be added instead of subtracted.

The specific gravity of the intermediate degrees may be found in the same manner as directed in No. 6155.

Deg.

Sp. Gr. | Diff.

Deg. Sp. Gr. Diff. 00 1.0000 .0025 105° 1.3559 .0047 5 1:0127 .0026 110 1.3793.0048 10 1.0256 .0027 115 1.4035 .0050 15 1.0390 .0027 120 1.4286 .0052 TABLES OF WEIGHTS, MEASURES, ETC.