Implements
AND CHOICE OF SIDES.
Balls and Rackets.
I. The balls shall be not less than 21 in., and not more than 2% in. in diameter; and shall not be less than 24 oz., and not more than 2 oz. in weight.
NOTE. There is no restriction as to the shape or size of the rackets.
Choice of Sides. 2. (a) The choice of sides at the beginning of the first set is determined by spin. (b) In subsequent sets of a series, the a players shall begin each set on the sides on which they finished the set before it.
Delivery. 3. The ball served must be struck with the racket, and may be delivered from any part of the service-side.
Service. 4. The ball served must touch the service-penthouse before touching any other part of the court, except the rest of the side-pent-house and the service-wall; and it must drop in the service-court, or on one of the lines which bound it.
Service, when good. 5. The service is good, (a) if the ball served touch (in its descent) any part of the service-pent-house, so as to rise again from it; or (b) if the ball served strike the service-ball, and afterwards touch (in its descent) any part of the service-pent-house, even though it do not rise again from it; or (c) if the ball served drop in the winninggallery.
Faults, not returnable. 6. A fault may not be returned.
Passes, not returnable. 7. A pass may not be returned; but a ball served, which has not gone across the pass-line on the pent-house, may be volleyed, although, if untouched, it might have dropped in the pass-court. If a pass touch the striker-out, or if a service (before it has dropped) touch him, when standing with both feet in the pass-court and not having attempted to strike the ball, it is still counted as a pass.
TENNIS] Faults annulled. 8. A pass does not annul a fault.
Service and Faults annulled. 9. If the striker-out declare himself not ready for a service, and have made no attempt to return it, that service is counted for nothing, though it be a fault. It annuls a previous fault. The striker-out, having been asked if he be ready, and having declared himself ready, may not similarly refuse a second service.
Continuation of Service.
IO. The server continues to serve until two chases be made, or one chase when the score of either player is at forty or advantage (see Law 25); the players then change sides, the server becomes striker-out, and the striker-out becomes server.
RETURN.
Return, when good. 11. The return is good, if the ball in-play be struck with the racket so that it passes the net without touching a gallery-post or anything fixed or lying in an opening on the side from which it is struck, and without going out-of-court.
Return, when not good. 12. The return is not good, (a) if not in accordance with the terms of Law II; or (b) if the ball be struck more than once, or be not definitely struck; or (c) if the ball in-play, having passed the net, come back and drop on the side from which it was struck, unless it should have touched a gallery-post or anything fixed or lying in an opening on that side of the court which is opposed to the striker.
Ball, when not returnable. 13. A ball which is no longer in play may not be returned.
SCORING.
The Server, when he wins a stroke. 14. The server wins a stroke (except as provided in Law 9), (a) if a good service enter the winning-gallery or the grille; or (b) if the striker-out fail to return a good service (except when it makes a chase: see Laws 17-19); or (c) if the striker-out fail to return the ball inplay (except when it makes a chase: see Laws 17-19); or (d) if he himself return the ball in-play so that it enters the winning-gallery or grille, or falls on or beyond the service-line; or (e) if he serve or return the ball in-play so that it drops or falls upon a ball, or other object, which is on or beyond the serviceline; or (f) if he win a chase (see Law 20); or (g) if the striker-out lose stroke (see Law 16). a The Striker-out, when he wins a stroke. 15. The striker-out wins a stroke (except as provided in Law 9), (a) if the server serve two consecutive faults [except as provided in Law 31 (b)]; or (b) if the server fail to return the ball in-play (except when it makes a chase: see Laws 17-19); or (c) if he himself return the ball in-play so that it enters the dedans; or (d) if he win a chase; or (e) if the server lose a stroke (see Law 16).
Either player, when he loses a stroke. 16. Either player loses a stroke, (a) if he lose a chase (see Law 21); or (b) if the ball in play (except as provided in Law 7), touch him or anything which he wears or carries (except his racket in the act of returning the ball); or (c) if he touch or strike the ball in-play with his racket more than once, or do not definitely strike it.
Chases, how made and marked. 17. When a ball in-play (on either side of the net, not being that on which the striker is standing) (a) falls on any part of the floor, except on or beyond the service-line; or (b) enters any gallery, except the winninggallery; or (c) touches a gallery-post; it is marked a chase (1) at that line on the floor on which it fell; or (2) better or worse than that line on the floor which is nearest to the point at which it fell; or (3) at that gallery the post of which it touched, except, as provided in Laws 18 and 19.
NOTE (a). A ball in-play, which touches the net-post and drops on the side opposed to the striker, is marked a chase at the line on the side on which it drops. a NOTE (b).-A ball in-play, which enters gallery, is marked a chase at that gallery which it enters, notwithstanding that it may have touched an adjacent gallery-post without touching the floor in the interim.
NOTE (c). The gallery-lines on the floor correspond, and are equivalent, to the galleries of which they bear the names.
A Ball dropping or falling in net, or bounding over net after dropping, how marked. 18. When a ball in-play (a) drops or falls in the net, on the side opposed to the striker; or (b) drops on the floor, on the side opposed to the striker, and, bounding over the net, falls on that side of it from which it was struck, whether it touches the net in its bound or not; it is marked a chase at the line on the side opposed to the striker.
A ball dropping or falling upon another ball, how marked. 19. When a ball in-play drops or falls upon a ball, or other object, which is on the floor [except when it is on or beyond the service-line: see Law 14 (e)] it is marked a chase at the point at which that ball, or other object, was when the ball in-play dropped or fell upon it.
Chases, how won. 20. Either player wins a chase (a) if he serve or return the ball so that it enters a winning-opening; or (b) if he serve or return the ball so that it falls better than the chase for which he played; or enters a gallery, or touches a gallerypost, better than the gallery, or the gallery-line, at which the chase was, for which he played; or (c) if he serve or return the ball so that it drops or falls upon a ball, or other object, which is at a point on the floor better than that at which, or at the gallery corresponding to which, the chase was, for which he played; or (d) if his antagonist fail to return the ball inplay, except when it falls worse than the chase in question.
Chases, how lost. 21. Either player loses a chase (a) if he fail to return the ball in-play, except when it falls worse than the chase in question; or (b) if he return the ball in-play so that it falls T2 worse than the chase, or enters a gallery, or touches a gallery-post, worse than the gallery, or the gallery-line, at which the chase was, for which he played; or (c) if he return the ball in-play so that it drops or falls upon a ball, or other object, which is at a point on the floor worse than that at which the chase was, for which he played.
Chase-off. 22. When a ball in-play (a) falls at a point on the floor neither better nor worse than that at which, or at the gallery corresponding to which, the chase was, for which the striker played; or (b) enters that gallery, or the gallery corresponding to that gallery-line, or touches the post of that gallery, or falls on the gallery-line corresponding to that gallery, at which the chase was, for which the striker played; or (c) drops or falls upon a ball, or other object, which is at a point on the floor, neither better nor worse than that at which, or at the gallery corresponding to which, the chase was, for which the striker played; it is marked chase-off; it is not scored as a stroke won by either player; the chase is annulled, and the striker has not to play for it again.
Chases, when played for. 23. As soon as two chases are marked, or one chase when the score of either player is at forty or advantage (see Law 25), the players change sides; the player who made the first chase now defends it, while the other plays to win it; and so with the second chase, except when only one has been marked.
Chases marked in error, annulled. 24. If by an error three chases have been marked, or two chases when the score of either player is at forty or advantage (see Law 25), the last chase in each case is annulled.
Strokes, how scored. 25. On either player winning his first stroke, the score is called fifteen for that player; on either player winning his second stroke, the score is called thirty for that player; on either player winning his third stroke, the score is called forty for that player; and the fourth stroke won by either player is scored game for that player; except, as below: if both players have won three strokes, the score is called deuce, and the next stroke won by either player is scored advantage for that player; if the same player win the following stroke, he wins the game; if he lose the following stroke, the score is again called deuce; and so on, until either player win the two strokes immediately following the score of deuce, when the game is scored for that player.
Games, how scored. 26. The player who first wins six games wins a set; except, as below: if both players win five games, the score is called games-all, and the next game won by either player is scored advantage-game for that player; if the same player win the following game, he wins the set; if he lose the following game the score is again called games-all; and so on, until either player win the two games immediately following the score or games-all, when he wins the set.
NOTE.-Players often agree not to play advantage-sets, but to decide the set by one game after arriving at the score of games-all. [TENNIS Doubtful and disputed cases, how decided. 27. Every chase is marked, and every stroke scored, by the marker, who is entitled to consult the dedans, when he is in doubt. A player, who is dissatisfied with the marker's decision, is entitled to appeal to the dedans. A majority of the dedans confirms or reverses the marker's decision. An appeal must be made before a recommencement of play. NOTE. The dedans should not give a decision, unasked, on a question of marking a chase or stroke; but may, and should, correct inaccurate scoring of chases, strokes, games, or sets.
THREE-HANDED, OR FOUR-HANDED GAMES (SOMETIMES CALLED DOUBLE GAMES).
Order of play. 28. The partners serve and strike-out in alternate games; unless it shall have been previously agreed to the contrary.
NOTE. It is usually, but not always, agreed services as pass him. that the striker-out may leave to his partner such The former Laws apply to these, as well as to Single, Games; the advantages and disadvantages attaching to a single player under the former Laws here attaching to a pair of players.
ODDS.
Bisques and half-bisques when taken, generally. 29. (a) A bisque, or a half-bisque, may not be taken after the service has been delivered. (b) The server may not take a bisque after a fault; but the striker-out may do SO.
Bisques and half-bisques when taken, in changing sides. 30. A player, who wishes to take a bisque, or a half-bisque, there being a chase, or two chases marked, may take it either before or after changing sides; but he may not, after changing sides, go back to take it.
Round Services. 31. (a) When the odds of round services are given, the ball served by the giver of the odds must touch the grille-penthouse after touching the servicepent-house, and before dropping in the service-court, or on one of the lines which bound it. (b) Neither faults, nor failure in complying with the above condition, are counted against the giver of the odds; but the recipient of the odds may decline to return such services as do not touch both the pent-houses; if, however, he attempt and fail to return any such service, it is counted against him.
Half-court. 32. The players having agreed into which halfcourt, on each side of the net, the giver of the odds shall play, the latter loses a stroke if the ball. returned by him, drop in either of the other half-courts; which but a ball, returned by the giver of the odds, (a) drops on the half-court-line; or (b) drops in his half-court and touches the dedans-post before falling; or (c) drops in his half-court and falls in the dedans, even though on the other side of the dedans-post; or (d) touches the dedans-post before dropping; is counted for the giver of the odds: and a return, boasted against any wall by the giver of the odds, which (e) drops in his half-court; or (f) drops on the half-court-line; or TIGER] or (g) touches the dedans-post before dropping; (h) touches any pent-house, battery, or wall, before dropping in his half-court, dropping on the half-court-line, or touching the dedans-post; is also counted for the giver of the odds.
NOTE. It is, of course, evident that the giver of these odds may make a chase, or win a chase or a stroke, with a ball which drops in his halfcourt, or on the half-court-line, but falls in the other half-court.
Nicks, when All-the-walls or Side-walls are given. 33. When the odds of touch-no-walls or touchno-side-walls, are given, a ball returned by the giver of the odds, which makes a nick in falling, is counted for the striker.
DIRECTIONS TO THE MARKER.
It is the duty of the marker to call the faults, and the passes; to call the strokes, when won, or when he is asked to do so; to call the games, and sets, at the end of each, or when asked to do so; to mark the chases, when made; to call the chases, when there are two, in the order in which they were made; or the chase, when there is one with the score at forty or advantage; and then to direct the players to change sides; to call the chase or chases again, in order as cluding Cutch, Kathiawar, and many of the Bombay districts. In the Island of Salsette, close to Bombay, there are still a few, and one was shot there in January, 1898.
India is the country above all others where tigers have been pursued and their habits observed by generations of sportsmen, and whence our knowledge of the animal is almost entirely derived. Several local races of the tiger, such as the Persian, Mongolian, and Javan, are recognised by naturalists.
Habits, &c.-Indian tigers appear to be smaller than the tigers which inhabit the colder climates of Central Asia and Northern China; the latter carry much longer and handsomer coats than those inhabiting a hotter country, and the male tiger has a ruff of long hair on the neck, which the female is without. The pug or footprint of an old male tiger can easily be distinguished from that of a tigress, not only by its size, but by its squarer shape, that of a tigress being more oval. The footprints of a young male are of the same shape and size as those of an adult tigress. above, when the players have changed Those of a male cub are always a good deal sides, and each chase as a player has to play for it; not to call play or not play in doubtful cases before the conclusion of the rest, unless asked to do so; to decide all doubtful and disputed strokes, subject to an appeal to the dedans; to warn the players of any balls lying on the floor in their way, or to their danger or disadvantage, and to remove all such balls; to collect the balls into the ball-basket; and to keep the ball troughs constantly replenished in the dedans and last gallery, and the latter especially in three-handed and four-handed games.
Bibliography. Trattato del Giuoco della Palla, Antonio Scaino da Salo (Ferrari, Vinegia), 12mo, 1555; Memoires de M. le Marquis de Montbrun, p. 149 (Chevalier, Amsterdam), 1701; Art du Paumier-Raquetier et de la Paume, M. de Garsault- Description des Arts et Metiers, Vol. VII. (Paris), 1767; The Sports and Pastimes of the People of England, Joseph Strutt-Tennis, pp. 82-90, new edition, J. C. Cox (Methuen), 1903; The Annals of Tennis, Julian Marshall (The Field Office), 1878; Tennis, "Badminton" Library, J. M. Heathcote (Longmans), 1903; A Treatise on Tennis, S. Smith Travers (J. Walsh and Son, Hobart Town), 1875; Notice Historique sur la Salle du