Tug-Of-War
OLYMPIC GAMES, 1908. 49. In sprint races run over a stringed track with more than one round of preliminary heats, the winners only of the first round of the heats shall be entitled to take further part in any race.
Penalties. 50. The winner of the first prize in any handicap event which is not an event confined to the members of a particular club, school, or college, or to the employees of a particular firm or company, shall be penalised according to the scale of penalties attached to these Rules, in all handicap events to which the scale applies, and for which he may have made an entry previous to winning such first prize; but no penalty shall be enforced a second time where the programme of a competition states that it has already been imposed by the handicapper in framing the handicap.
The Conduct of the Meeting. 51. (a) Every club, society, or managing body promoting an athletic meeting or competition shall able before, and in any case as soon as possible after the competition is decided, and before the prizes are presented. (b) Every such protest or objection shall be accompanied by a deposit of 5s., and shall when required be made in writing signed by the objector, and if upon investigation the protest or objection shall appear to have been made on no reasonable ground the deposit shall be forfeited to the District Association. (c) In the event of a protest or objection being lodged against a successful competitor, his prize shall be withheld until the protest or objection shall have been finally disposed of in the manner provided in the next Rule. If, within a period of three months from the date of competition, the protest or objection shall be sustained, the prizes shall be awarded as if the competitor objected to had not taken part in the competition. (d) Any protest or objection which has reference to the conduct of a competitor in the actual competition, shall be decided by the Referee on the ground and his decision shall be final. The Referee may also decide any other protest or objection, but if his decision is objected to at the time he shall be required to refer the matter to the District Association for final decision. The fee deposited with any protest or objection decided by the Association shall, if forfeited, belong to the District Association.
The High Jump and Pole Jump. 54. Each competitor shall be allowed three jumps at each height. Crossing the scratch without displacing the bar shall not count as one jump. All measurements shall be made from the ground to the centre of the bar. In the High Jump neither diving nor somersaulting shall be permitted. The cross-bars shall be of wood only, of a uniform thickness throughout, and without weights. The maximum projection of the pegs shall be 3 inches from the uprights. The ends of the cross-bar shall not project more than six inches from the pegs. In any competition each competitor shall be allowed to commence jumping at any height he desires, but having commenced he shall continue attempting each height as the bar is raised, until he either fail three times or retire. In the pole jump three attempts, even if the cross-bar be not displaced, shall count as one jump.
The Broad Jump. 55. Each competitor shall be allowed three jumps, and the best three competitors of the first trial shall be allowed three more tries each for the final. The farthest jump of all shall win. If any competitor fall back or step back, after jumping, or crosses the taking-off line with either foot, or so swerves aside that he pass beyond the taking-off line, such jump shall not be measured, but it shall be counted against the competitor as one jump. All jumps shall be measured to the takingoff line from the edge of the heel-mark nearest that line, along a line perpendicular to that line.
The taking-off line shall, where possible, be of wood, 5 inches wide, and not less than 2 ft. 6 in. long, and shall be sunk flush with the ground.
The ground shall be removed to the depth of 3 in., and the width of 12 in. in front of the taking-off line.
In matches and inter-club contests the provisions for Throwing the Hammer, Putting the Weight, and Broad Jump may be modified in such manner as may be agreed upon prior to the competition being started. Steeplechasing. 56. For Steeplechases the hurdles shall not be higher than 3 ft. Every competitor shall go over or through the water; and anyone who jumps to one side or the other of the water jump shall be disqualified.
Throwing the Cricket Ball. 57. In throwing the Cricket Ball all throws shall be measured perpendicularly from the first pitch of the ball to the scratch line, or that line produced; and the thrower, in delivering the ball, shall not cross such scratch line. Three tries only shall be allowed, and crossing the scratch shall count as one try.
Tug-of-War. 58 (a) The teams shall consist of equal numbers of competitors. The rope shall be of sufficient length to allow for a "pull" of twelve feet, and for twelve feet slack at each end, together with four feet for each competitor; it shall not be less than four inches in circumference, and shall [ATHLETICS be without knots or other holdings for the hands.
A centre tape shall be affixed to the centre of the rope, and six feet on each side of the centre tape two sides tapes shall be affixed to the rope.
A centre line shall be marked on the ground, and six feet on either side of the centre line two side lines parallel thereto. At the start the rope shall be taut, and the centre tape shall be over the centre line, and the competitors shall be outside the side lines. During no part of the pull shall the rope be tied. (b) The start shall be by word of mouth.
During no part of the pull shall the foot of any competitor go beyond the centre line. A pull shall be won when one team shall have pulled the side tape of the opposing side over their own side line. No competitor shall wear prepared boots or shoes, or boots or shoes with any projecting nails, tips, sprigs, points, hollows, or projections of any kind. No competitor shall make any hole in the ground with his feet, or in any other way before the start. No competitor shall wilfully touch the ground with any part of his person but his feet. If the competition is for teams limited in weight, each competitor shall be weighed before the start. All heats shall be won by two pulls out of three.
Track Measurements. 59. Every track shall be measured twelve inches from the inner side of the path.
Entry Forms. 60. Clubs shall be required to keep for twelve months all entry forms received.
Officials. 61. That in every competition there shall be provided by the promoting body the following Officials, viz. :- (a) a Secretary or Secretaries. (b) A Committee in whose hands shall be placed all matters which do not relate to the actual conduct of the meeting or competition. (c) Two or more Judges, who shall be responsible for seeing that the proper distance of a race is covered, and who shall decide the order in which the competitors finish in the competition. They shall also have power to declare a race void or order it to be re-run, if in their opinion the conduct of the competitor or competitors has prevented the race being properly contested. (d) A Referee who shall decide in the event of a difference of opinion between the Judges. The decision of the Referee shall be final in all cases. (e) Two or more Starters, or Clerks of the Course, whose business it shall be to call out the competitors for each event, and to assign to each his distinctive number or numbers. (f) One or more Marksmen. (g) A Starter. (h) Two or more Timekeepers.
For Walking Races, two or more Judges of walking, who shall have power to appoint such assistants as they may deem necessary, and to whom, and their assistants, shall be left the decision of all questions affecting the competition, and they may at their discretion caution or disqualify any competitor whose walking they shall consider unfair, and remove or cause to be re- ATHLETICS] moved from the track any competitor who shall not at once leave the track on being disqualified.
Jurisdiction of the Association. 62. Every club, society, and managing body promoting an athletic meeting or competition under these Rules, and every person tendering an entry for any such meeting or competition (whether such entry is accepted or not), shall be deemed to have submitted to the absolute power, authority, jurisdiction, and decision of the Association on all questions which may arise concerning the application, construction, meaning, or effect of the Laws of the Association or these Rules, and no club, society, managing body, or person affected by a decision of the Association shall have any right of objecting thereto, or to the publication thereof, which is not conferred by the Laws of the Association or these Rules. 63. In the application of these Rules to the districts defined in Law 30 of the Association, all matters within the power, authority, or jurisdiction of the Association shall be assigned to and decided by the Northern Counties' Athletic Association, the Midland Counties A.A.A., and the Southern Committee of the A.A.A. respectively, subject to such right of appeal to the General Committee of the A.A.A., as may from time to time be permitted or provided for. 64. The Northern Counties' Athletic Association, the Midland Counties A.A.A., and the Southern Committee of the A.A.A. shall also have full power, authority, and jurisdiction in their respective districts to enforce, as part of these Rules, any by-laws and regulations from time to time made by them under the authority conferred by the Laws of the Association. (2) Recommendations.
In addition to the foregoing, the following Rules for Competitions and the Management of Athletic Sports, adopted by the Amateur Athletic Association, are recommended to Clubs holding Sports under the Laws of the A.A.A. :- As to the Conditions of Particular Competitions. 64. That Straight Sprint Races shall be run on a part of the cinder path or grass so staked and stringed that each competitor may have a separate course. The width between the strings shall not be less than four feet, and the stakes shall not be less than thirty feet apart. 65. That the Hurdle Race shall be over ten flights of hurdles on a level grass course of 120 yards straight. The hurdles shall stand 3 ft. 6 in. from the ground, and shall have level top-rails, and shall be placed IO yards apart. The first flight of hurdles shall be 15 yards from scratch.
Each competitor shall have his own line of hurdles and shall keep to that line throughout the race. 66. That the head and handle of the Hammer may be of any size, shape, and material, provided that the length of the complete implement shall not be more than 4 ft., and its weight not less than 16 lb. The competitor may assume any position he chooses, and use either one or both hands. All throws shall be made from a circle 7 ft. in diameter. Each competitor shall be allowed three throws, and the best three competitors of the first trial shall be allowed three more throws each. The farthest throw of all shall win. All distances shall be measured from the circumference of the circle to the first pitch of the hammer along a line drawn from that pitch to the centre of the circle. Foul throws and letting go of the Hammer in an attempt, shall count as trial throws. 67. That the Weight shall be put from the front of the shoulder with one hand only, and without follow from a 7ft. circle in diameter. The weight shall be of iron and spherical, and shall weigh 16 lb. All puts shall be measured from the circumference of the circle to the first pitch of the weight along a line drawn from that pitch to the centre of the circle. Each competitor shall be allowed three puts, and the best three competitors of the first trial shall be allowed three more puts each. The farthest put of all shall win. 68. That in Throwing the Hammer and Putting the Weight crossing the scratch shall count as a try. 69. That no prospectus of an athletic meeting or competition to be held under these Rules be issued or published until a printer's proof thereof, and of any entry form to be issued therewith, shall have been submitted to, and approved of by the Representative Committee of the A.A.A. District within which the proposed meeting or competition is to be held. 70. That an advance copy of the Programme of every athletic meeting or competition be forwarded by post to each intending competitor, to the address given in his entry, not later than the day before the day appointed for the meeting or competition; or that so much of the programme as will show the entries for and the starts (if any) allotted in each event be advertised the day next before the day appointed for the meeting or competition in one of the public papers circulating in the district of the proposed meeting or competition. RECORD RULES OF THE AMATEUR ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION. 1. A record can only be made in a bona-fide competition (either level or handicap) which has been duly fixed and advertised before the day, and is included in the printed programme, together with the names of the entrants for the event. 2.-No one, whether entered or not, may join in the competition after it has been started. 3.-In foot races the times must be taken by two or more competent timekeepers, the watches must be proved to be accurate, and the course measured (12 in. from the inner edge of the track) by by a surveyor or qualified member of the Association. 4. In competitions other than foot races, the distance must be measured at the time and certified by a surveyor or qualified member of the Association. 5.-Timekeepers must exhibit their watches to the Referee and Judges if called upon immediately each race is completed. Rules for 300 Yards and 440 Yards Level Hurdle Races on Grass. 1. No record can be made on any track that does not comply with the following conditions. 2. There shall be 10 flights of hurdles in each distance. 3.-Each competitor shall keep his own flight of hurdles throughout. Hurdles to be 3 ft. out of the ground, with straight top bars. 4.-Each track of hurdles must be measured the correct and full distance to the winning post.
In 300 Yards Races. 5.-The first hurdle shall be 45 yards from each competitor's scratch mark, and the remaining hurdles shall be as near as possible 25 yards apart. The distance from the last hurdle to the winning post shall be 30 yards. [ATHLETICS In 440 Yards Races. 6. The first hurdle shall be placed 50 yards from the competitor's scratch mark, and the remaining hurdles shall be as nearly as possible 40 yards apart, and the distance from the last hurdle to the winning post shall be 30 yards. 7.-The last 75 yards, if possible, must be straight.
It is recommended that any claim for a Record should be made within 14 days from the date it was made or performed.
TERMS OF AGREEMENT WITH THE NATIONAL CYCLISTS' UNION.
January 16th, 1886, passed at the Annual General Meeting, March 27th, 1886.
The following Rules must be observed at all Athletic Meetings where Cycling Events are included in the Programme. I. All Sports and Festivals throughout England and Wales advertised and carried out as Athletic Sports shall, as regards the general conduct of such Athletic Meetings, be under the Laws and control of the A.A.A., but all Cycle Races competed for at such meetings shall be run under the rules and regulations of the N.C.U., and any competitor in such races shall, as regards his entry, and whilst actually competing in any such Cycle Race, be amenable to the N.C.U., as regards all future suspension or disqualification. 2. On the other hand, all Sports and Festivals advertised and held as Cycle Meetings shall, as regards their general conduct, be under the control of the N.C.U., but all Foot Races, or other descriptions of Athletic Sports as at present understood, shall be competed for under the Laws and Regulations of the A.A.A., and any person offending as to his entry or conduct whilst actually competing shall, as regards all future punishment, be dealt with by the A.A.A. 3. The decision of the Judges or Referee at all Athletic Sports or Joint Meetings to be final, and without appeal to either Association. 4. The N.C.U. also undertake not to sanction any professional Cycle Races at any meeting where Foot Races or other Athletic Sports are to be competed for. 5. In cases where Cycle Races shall be held under N.C.U. Rules at meetings held under the management of clubs affiliated to the A.A.A., the N.C.U. will not (except at the invitation of the A.A.A. club) make any order upon the Committee of the A.A.A. club to alter their decision upon any matter in which the Committee of that club have already adjudicated. 6. All joint Race Meetings shall be advertised to be, and shall be held under the rules of both Associations. 7. All suspensions by either body to be binding on the other body. 8. It shall be within the power of any club to refuse any entry to its own Sports, and it shall be competent for the A.A.A. or N.C.U. to issue recommendations to its affiliated clubs to refuse any entry. 9. If a permit be refused by either body to any privately-promoted or speculative meeting, or one that is considered objectionable, it shall be against the laws of both bodies for that meeting to be subsequently, directly or indirectly, carried out under the management of an affiliated club of either the A.A.A. or N.C.U. 10. Any club refused affiliation by the A.A.A. or N.C.U. shall be ineligible for affiliation to either body without the consent of the other.
II. That any club after having been members A VIEW OF THE STADIUM, OLYMPIC GAMES, 1908.
ATHLETICS] of either body shall not be elected to the other body, nor granted permits for sports, until communication be made as to the cause of such club's retirement.
N.B.-Clubs affiliated to the A.A.A. and N.C.U. are not required to obtain permits from either body to hold Athletic or Cycling events, but nonaffiliated clubs or meetings registered under Rule XVIII. of the A.A.A. code must obtain a similar registration from the N.C.U., for which application should be made to the Sec., N.C.U., 27 Chancery Lane, London, W.C. Handicappers.
All Handicappers shall be licensed by the A.A.A. for Athletic events, and by the N.C.U. for Cycling events, and it shall be allowable for any person to hold a licence from both bodies.
A minimum charge of IOS. 6d. per handicap, or a total of £2 2s. for four handicaps, either foot or cycle, is obligatory upon all holders of joint A.A.A. and N.C.U. Handicapping Licences. This does not apply to holders of A.A.A. Handicapping Licences only.
Also in all cases of mixed meetings, a copy of the prospectus and programme must be sent to the Secretary of the A.A.A., or District Secretary, and to the Secretary of the N.C.U. Central Council.
A minimum fee of One Guinea, payable in advance, shall be charged each handicapper by the body licensing him.
Infringement of A.A.A. Laws.
Any infringement of A.A.A. Laws, or any other malpractice connected with Athletics, should immediately be notified to the Secretary or representative of the proper Local Association or to the Secretary of the A.A.A. The Amateur Athletic Association undertakes to bear the expense of all necessary prosecutions in the case of charges preferred by an affiliated club.
EXTRACTS FROM THE A.A.A. LAWS OF IMPORTANCE TO ATHLETES.
Law XIII.-"The Association strongly deprecates the selling of prizes, and the Committee is instructed to take such action as they may think necessary when such sales are brought under their notice."
Law XIX.-"That anyone who wilfully competes against one who is under sentence of suspension shall be himself suspended until the expiration of such sentence, or for such longer period as the Committee may think fit."
Law XXII.-"That anyone taking part in a competition to the winner of which a prize and money are offered as alternatives shall be suspended for such time as the Committee may think fit."
Law XXIII.-"That the General Committee, the Southern Committee of the A.A.A., and the Committee of the N.C.A.A. and M.C.A.A.A., shall have power to reinstate any amateur who shall have competed for money or against a Professional in ignorance of the Laws of the A.A.A., or shall otherwise have offended against or broken the said Laws." "That no application for requalification to compete under A.A.A. Laws shall be considered unless accompanied by a deposit of 5s., such deposit to be only returnable to the applicant at the discretion of the Committee." Law XXVII.- (a) "All clubs affiliated to the A.A.A. shall have the following rule incorporated into their rules, viz.: 'That the Committee shall have power to expel any member whose subscription is six months in arrear, provided a month's notice in writing shall have been sent to such member by a registered letter, addressed to his last known address, informing him of the proposed action of the Committee." (b) "The name and address of any person so expelled from a club in the Southern District shall be sent to the Hon. Secretary of the A.A.A.; and of any person so expelled from a club in the Northern or Midland Districts, to the Secretaries of the N.C.A.A. and M.C.A.A.A. respectively, and shall be entered by each of such officers in a book (to be called the 'Black Book') kept for that purpose. Every person whose name has been so entered in a Black Book shall be suspended from competing at a meeting held under A.A.A. Laws until the liability causing his said expulsion, which shall not exceed one year's subscription, shall have been discharged." "N.B.-Club Secretaries sending up a name for entry in a Black Book must send with each name the Post Office receipt for the registered letter sent to such person, or the name will not be inserted."
Law XXIX.-"After the first year, every competitor in open races under A.A.A. Laws must be a member of an affiliated club or of a club which is a member of an affiliated Association kindred body recognised by the A.A.A. Competitors in local, closed, or Scholars' and Veterans' event to be exempt." or Law XXXII.-" That no entry shall be made or accepted unless a form of entry authorised by the A.A.A. be used."
TIME RECORDS.
Event.
NAME.
Record made by Distance.
Date.
Club of which a Member.
M.
YDS.
I hour's Run ... ... ... ...
A. Shrubb ... ...
II 1,136 5 Nov., 1904 2 hours' Run ... ... ... ...
G. Crossland ... ... 20 22 Sept., 1894 I hour's Walk ... ... ...
G. E. Larner 8 ... ... 438 30 Sept., 1905 3 hours' Walk ... ... ...
J. Butler 21 ... ... ... 49 23 Oct., 1897 8 ... ... ... 9 IO I2 وو دو وو دو دو وو ... ... ... 50 1,190 12 June, 1905 وو ... ... ... ... ... دو H. Swabey A. W. Sinclair ... ... 51 161 ... ... 55 1,657 دو دو دو 64 180 27 Aug., 1881 T. E. Hammond London (Westminster Clock Tower) to Brighton (524 South London H.
Salford H.
Brighton & County H.
Polytechnic H.
Vegetarian C. & A.C.
North Lon. A.C.
Blackheath H. & Surrey W.C.
H. M. S. miles) (Walk) T. E. Hammond I May, 1909 Blackheath H. & London to Brighton and back (104 miles) Surrey W.C.
T. E. Hammond 21 & 22 June, 1907 Surrey W.C.
Distance.
Records Passed by the General Committee to date.
RUNNING.
NAME.
Record made by Time.
Date. [ATHLETICS Club of which a Member.
Yards. *100 A. F. Duffey W. P. Phillips ... ... ... 120 C. A. Bradley A. R. Downer A. F. Duffey J. W. Morton ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
H.
M.
S. 9 45 II 45 8 July, 1901 *120 Hur. F. C. Smithson ... ... 15 25 July, 1908 C. G. Wood ... ... 21 July, 1887 150 C. J. Monypenny 14 ... 27 Feb., 1892 20 July, 1901 25 Mar., 1882 28 April, 1894 II May, 1895 24 Sept., 1904 Boston, U.S.A.
London A.C.
Hudderfield.
London A.C.
Boston, U.S.A.
South London H.
Amer. Olympic Team.
Blackheath H.
Cambridge U.A.C.
E. H. Pelling ... ... 28 Sept., 1889 Ranelagh H. 200 A. R. Downer ... 19 ... 11 May, 1895 London A.C.
G. Jordan ... ... 16 Mar., 1896 Oxford U.A.C. 220 C. G. Wood 21 250 E. H Pelling 300 C. G. Wood ... ... ... ... 24 31% 45452 25 June, 1887 Blackheath H. 22 Sept., 1888 21 July, 1887 300 Hur. O. Groenings ... 36% H. C. L. Tindall ... 440 E. C. Bredin 48 ... +440 T. M. Donovan...
Hur.
J. B. Densham .. ... ... 57 ... 7 Sept., 1907 600 E. H. Montague I II ... 880 M. W. Sheppard I ... 54 21 July, 1908 1,000 W. E. Lutyens 2 14 1,320 C. Bennett ... ... 3 10 Miles.
I J. Binks ... ... 21 Sept., 1907 29 June, 1889 22 June, 1895 13 June, 1896 19 Sept., 1908 5 July, 1898 22 Sept., 1900 Ranelagh H.
Blackheath H.
Polytechnic H.
Cambridge U.A.C.
London A.C.
Queen's College, Cork.
South London H.
London A. C.
Amer. Olympic Team.
Cambridge U.A.C.