Ungulata
or hoofed animals. The reader is referred, therefore, to the various works by Anderson, Baillie-Grohman, Baker, Blanford, Sir Victor Brooke, Bryden, Buxton, Caton, Chapman, Gordon-Cumming, Danford and Alston, Dodge, Cornwallis, Harris, Jerdon, Littledale, Lord, Lydekker, Lord Mayo, Peek, Percy, Clive Phillipps- Wolley, Pike, Roosevelt, Sanderson, Sclater, Selous, Sterndale, Ward, Williamson, and host of others, pre-eminent a Span between tips of posterior sur-royals amongst which, for wealth of measureon dotted line D, D. Greatest span at crown.
Girth of beam at burr.
Girth between brow- and bez-tines.
Girth between bez- and tres-tines.
Girth between other tines.
The length and girth of any other noticeable tines should also be taken. It should be noted that the apparent beam above the tres is the "royal tine," and that all points springing therefrom are called sur-royals, anterior and posterior, and often form a cup the "throstle's nest" of the Scot. Six points on each antler constitute a "royal head." In horns of other than Elaphine deer there is no bez-tine, and the ments, stands out Rowland Ward's Records of Big Game, 1907, which contains nearly all measurements, weights, &c., prior to that date.
CARNIVORA.
Taking the mammals from highest to lowest form, the Lion heads the list, and although sportsmen imagine specific differences to exist between the African and Asiatic Lion, and between those of various parts of Africa, nevertheless, maned or unmaned, small or large, dark, ruddy, or pale, these are but slight or local varieties, and there is really only one species.
Lion (Felis leo). -Sir Samuel Baker ap- BIG GAME] LION. [Photo. by W. S. Berridge, F.Z.S. peared to consider that Lions of 500 to 600 lbs. were by no means uncommon, but the heaviest as yet recorded is one mentioned by Mr. Lydekker in the Royal Natural History as having been shot in the Orange Free State in 1865, which is stated to have weighed 583 lbs. The next in weight is one recorded in The Field of July 13, 1890, weighing 563 lbs. A fine, black-maned menagerie Lion, of abnormal size, is stated to have weighed 434 lbs., its length from nose to root of tail being 6 ft. IO in., tail 3 ft. 2 in., girth behind shoulder 4 ft. 9 in., girth of upper arm I ft. IO in., and height at shoulder 3 ft. 6 in. Selous mentions three, of the respective weights of 410 lbs., 385 lbs., and 376 lbs.; the extreme length of the largest was 9 ft. II in., and standing height to top of shoulder-blade 3 ft. 8 in.
Mr. Roosevelt shot last year (1909), in East Africa, a big old male lion, still in its prime, which measured 9 ft. 4 in., and weighed 410 lbs. Indian Lions are generally smaller, but Sterndale gives two of the total lengths of 9 ft. 6 in. and 8 ft. 6 in. respectively, the tails of which measured TIGER. [Photo. by W. S. Berridge, F.Z.S.
S [Photo. by W. S. Berridge, F.Z.S.
LEOPARD. 3 ft. and 2 ft. 6 in., and their height at shoulder 3 ft. 6 in.
Tiger (Felis tigris). In the very valuable tables given in Big Game Shooting and by Mr. Rowland Ward, the greatest length is 12 ft. 2 in., but this was probably that of a skin, as the largest Tiger as yet recorded only attained the length of IO ft. 7 in. before skinning. This beast, which weighed 491 lbs., was shot by Col. Evans Gordon at Ramshai Hab, Duars, Bengal.
Another tiger, shot on the Assam frontier by the late Baron de Nolde, measured IO ft. 6 in. before skinning. The largest tiger bagged in the Maharajah of Cooch Behar's preserves, during thirty-seven years' sport, measured IO ft. 5 in. before skinning, and weighed 504 lbs. But another specimen, shot in Cooch Behar, which measured 10 ft. 11/2 in., weighed no less than 600 lbs.
The weight of a tiger shot in the Central Provinces by Capt. M. D. Goring-Jones is given in Records of Big Game (Rowland Ward) as 700 lbs. This animal measured no more than 9 ft. 11/2 in. Other tigers shot by the Maharajah of Cooch Behar or his friends weighed respectively, before skinning, 546 lbs., 532 lbs., 507 lbs., 504 lbs., 500 lbs., 496 lbs. (two), two), and and 493 493 lbs. Three of these, however, are described as fully gorged." Probably the average weight of a large Tiger may be taken as between 400 and 450 lbs., and its length as between 9 ft. 6 in. and IO ft., including the tail of about 3 ft.
The height at shoulder would be from 3 ft. 6 in. to 3 ft. 8 in. Sanderson, how- 66 [Photo. by W. S. Berridge, F.Z.S.
JAGUAR. [BIG GAME ever, in his Among the Wild Beasts of India, mentions that a very bulky, old, well-fed, powerful Tiger was but 9 ft. in length, and weighed only 3492 lbs. The Tigress, as the Lioness, is of less length and of considerably less weight. The heaviest tigress ever seen by the Maharajah of Cooch Behar weighed 360 lbs. and measured 9 ft. 3 in. in length. Tiger cubs of one year old are from 4 ft. 6 in. to 5 ft. 6 in. in length, but at the age of three years attain a length of from 7 ft. to 8 ft. 6 in. [Photo. by W. S. Berridge, F.Z.S.
PUMA.
Leopard (or Panther) (Felis pardus).- As with the Lion, sportsmen attempt to differentiate between the Leopard and the Panther, and, indeed, contend for specific differences. The Leopard or Panther of Africa and India are, however, not specifically distinct, although they vary greatly [Photo. by W. S. Berridge, F.Z.S..
NORTHERN LYNX. both in size and colour, even to melanism, and, more rarely, albinism. The Maharajah of Cooch Behar's finest leopard measured 8 ft. 4 in., while four others shot in his domains measured 8 ft. 21 in., 8 ft. 1/2 in. (two), and 8 ft. The heaviest weights given by the Maharajah in his book Shooting in Cooch Behar are 150 lbs., 140 lbs., and 139 lbs. The record leopard for length before skinning appears to be one shot by Capt. A. G. Arbuthnot in Kashmir, which attained 8 ft. 6 in. Of a leopard mentioned in Cassell's Natural History as BIG GAME] 7 ft. 6 in. in length, the height at shoulder is given as 2 ft. 7 in. Another, recorded by the Maharajah of Cooch Behar, which measured 7 ft. 10/2 in. in length, was 2 ft. 2/2 in. in height. Probably an average Indian leopard would measure in length from 6 ft. 6 in. to 7 ft. The two largest recorded African leopards measured Photo. by W. P. Dando, F.Z.S.
LYNX. 7 ft. 10/2 in. and 7 ft. 9 in. respectively.
Of these the former stood at shoulder 2 ft. 7/2 in.; the latter, a female, 2 ft. 3/2 in.
The heaviest African leopard, recorded by Mr. A. White from Nyasaland, scaled 140 lbs. This animal measured 6 ft. 10 in. in length. [Photo. by W. S. Berridge, F.Z.S.
BROWN HYÆNA. sportsman, is given as ranging from 7 ft. 4 in. to 6 ft. in length, from which an average length of 3 ft. must be deducted for the tail. The height at shoulder is from 2 ft. to 2 ft. 4 in.
Puma (or Cougar) (Felis concolor).- Another South American cat-locally called the "Lion" is stated in Big Game Shooting, vol. i., to have attained a length of 8 ft. 2 in., including the tail, of about 3 ft.
Weight about 150 lbs. Average specimens appear to measure from 7 ft. to 7 ft. 5 in.
Canada Lynx (Felis canadensis).- Mivart gives this as not exceeding 2 ft. 6 in. in length from snout to root of tail, which is 5 in., but one from Wyoming, measured by Major G. Dalrymple White, was 38 in. in length, and weighed about 60 lbs.
Caracal or African Lynx (Felis caracal). -A mounted specimen in the Cape Town Museum measures as follows: Head and body, 2 ft. II in.; tail, 1150 in. A big specimen measured in the flesh by the late [Photo. by W. S. Berridge, F.Z.S.
STRIPED HYÆNA.
South Jaguar (Felis onca).This American cat, locally known as the "Tiger," equals and even exceeds the leopard in size.
In Records of Big Game a specimen shot by Count H. Coudenhove is given as measuring, before skinning, 9 ft. 3 in., and another as 8 ft. 33/4 in. These were from Brazil.
Snow-Leopard (or Ounce) (Felis uncia). This, the great prize of the Indian [Photo. by W. S. Berridge, F.Z.S.
SPOTTED HYÆNA.
S2 [BIG GAME Mr. Cloete, of Bowden, Cape Colony, was 4 ft. 3 in. in length from nose to tip of tail.
Lynx (Felis lynx). - Apparently the European and Asiatic Lynx, although so variable in size and coloration, are to be considered as of one species only. Blanford gives the body length as 2 ft. 9 in., and tail 73/4 in. A Spanish lynx, measured in Andalusia, by Mr. Abel Chapman, was 4 ft. 14 in. in length. Another, shot in [Photo. by W. S. Berridge, F.Z.S.
SIBERIAN WOLF. the Carpathians by Prince Henry of Liechtenstein, measured 42.9 inches. Striped Hyaena (Hyaena striata).- Sterndale gives the measurements of one as-Length of head and body 3 ft. 6 in., tail about I ft. 6 in.
Clouded Leopard (Felis nebulosa).- This Asiatic cat is stated by Jerdon to grow to a large size, and Mr. Lydekker records one of 6 ft. 6 in. Sterndale gives another whose length was 6 ft. 4 in., including the tail of 3 ft. Mr. Lydekker gives another [Photo. by W. S. Berridge, F.Z.S.
AMERICAN BLACK BEAR.
Indian adult specimen attains a length of 7 ft., of which the tail comprises 2 ft. 6 in.
The height at shoulder is given as from 2 ft. 6 in. to 2 ft. 9 in. An East African cheetah, measured by Capt. R. Meinertzhagen, was 7 ft. 9 in. in length; and another, from North-West Rhodesia, measured by Mr. C. H. S. Bellis, 7 ft. 3/4 in. This last weighed 1362 lbs. Another, from the Eastern Transvaal, measured by Mr. F.