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A Handbook of Measures

Common Commercial Numbers.-12 Articles = 1 Dozen; 13 Articles = 1 Long Dozen; 12 Dozen = 1 Gross; 20 Articles = 1 Score; 5 Score = 1 Common Hundred; 6 Score = I Great Hundred; 30 Deals =I Quarter; 4 Quarters = I Hundred; 5 Dozen Skins of Parchment =1 Roll; 72 Words, in Law = 1 Folio.

Roman Numerals.

II. 2 XL .... 40 III. 3 L.

IV 4 LX.

V 5 LXX VI 6 LXXX VII ....... 7 XC...

VIII 8 C...

IX 9 CC .... ...... ...... ...... ..... .... ..... 50 60 70 80 90 100 200 X IO CCC.. .. 300 XI II CCCC 400 XII I2 D. or I. .. - 500 XIII -13 DC..... 600 XIV 14 M. or CI₀ -1,000 XV. -15 MM... 2,000 XVI 16 I. or V ... 5,000 XVII. .17 VI. 6,000 XVIII. 18 X. or CCICO .. 10,000 XIX 19 CCCI 50,000 XX 20 C. or CCCIວ - 100,000 ... because. - > greater than. < less than, ➤ not greater than. = not less than. infinity. x varies as.

Miscellaneous signs.- + addition (plus). subtraction (minus).

X multiplication. - division. equal to. ≠ unequal to. || parallel to. not parallel to. : and :: proportion. ... therefore. arc. difference. 1 perpendicular to. / feet or minutes. " inches or seconds.

The Standard Yard.-It was enacted in 1760 that the standard yard should be a portion of the brass rod then in the custody of the Clerk of the House of Commoms. In this rod two pins of gold were inserted, and a small dot made in the middle of each. The distance between the centre of these dots, taken when the temperature is at 62° (Fahrenheit), is declared to be the "Imperial Standard Yard." If this standard should be lost, defaced, or injured, it is to be replaced, or restored, by a comparison with the pendulum vibrating seconds of mean time in the latitude of London, in a vacuum on the level of the sea; the yard being in the proportion of 36 inches to 33.1393 of the pendulum.

L right angle. square. parallelogram. / angle. △ triangle. semicircle. quadrant.

T degree.

Avoirdupois Weight.-Used in commercial transactions generally, and in weighing metals, except gold and silver. 16 drams. = I ounce. .. 16 ounces 14 pounds. 25 pounds 4 quarters 20 hundred-weight 100 pounds 196 pounds 200 pounds ...... ...... 280 pounds - = I pound.

I stone.

I quarter.

I hundred-weight.

I ton.

I quintal.

I barrel flour.

I barrel beef or pork.

I barrel salt.

I lb. avoirdupois = 7000 grains Troy. 144 lbs. = 175 pounds Troy. " At the custom-house, and in some commercial transactions, 28 pounds are equal to r quarter; 112 pounds are equal to 1 cwt.; and 2240 pounds are equal to Iton.

Troy Weight.-Used in weighing gold, silver, jewelry, etc. I pennyweight, marked dwt. 24 grains. 20 pennyweights ..= = 1 ounce, marked oz. 240 pennyweights ..= 12 ounces = 1 pound, marked lb. I pound Troy. 5760 grains. ...