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Economy, and the Public Accounts: Capital
Capias, Eng., a writ of arrestment. The Capias ad Satisfaciendum (or Ca Sa) commands the defendant to be taken and kept till his debt be paid. Capital, the original stock of a trader or company.
Capital, in Political Economy, wealth appropriated to reproduction. Circulating or Floating Capital comprises those commodities (or the command over them) the whole cost of which is returned entire to the producer out of the annual income of the country.
Fixed Capital comprises all building, roads, railways, docks, ships, machinery, improvements of the soil, etc., which facilitate production, but which return to the owner only rent, interest, or dividends.
Cash, money.
Cash-Credit, in Banking, an account with sureties, under which a party is empowered to pass cheques on the bank to an amount agreed upon. Cautionry, Scot., an engagement or obligation as surety for another. Caveat, a restraining notice or stop.
Certificate, in Bankruptcy, a testimonial that the bankrupt has comformed to the law, and authorizing his discharge.
Cessio Bonorum, Scot., a remedial process to a debtor against imprisonment on the surrender of his property to his creditors, and a substitute for sequestration in small bankruptcies.
Cestui que Trust, Eng., he to whose use or benefit another man is seized of lands, etc. Cestui que vie, he for whose life any lands, etc., are granted. Charter, letters patent from the crown or supreme authority wherein privileges are granted to companies, corporations, etc.; also a written record of things done between parties. [voyage.
Charter-Party, a deed by which the whole or part of a ship is let for a determined Chattels, Eng., all goods movable and immovable except such as are in the nature of freehold.
Cheque, or Check, a written order upon a banker for the payment of a specified sum to a person named or the bearer.
Chose in Action, Eng., a thing not in possession, but which a man may legally claim.
Circular Note, a banker's bill made payable at a number of places for the convenience of travellers.
Circulating Medium, all instruments of interchange, and everything which serves as a mode of payment.
Circulation of a Bank. its issued notes.
Civil List, an annual sum granted for the maintenance and dignity of the crown in lieu of the crown revenues.
Clearing a Ship, registering it name and cargo in the customs books before sailing. Clear Days, in lawsuits, are reckoned exclusively of the day of serving the process, and the day of hearing.
Clearing, in Banking, a device in London by which accounts between bankers are daily adjusted by the cancellation of their mutual cheques, the residuary balance being alone paid in money.
Cloff, a small fixed abatement on certain goods on their sale. Cocket, a customs warrant furnished on the entry of export goods, in evidence of their having paid duty, or being duty free.
Cognovit Actionem, Eng., is where a defendant acknowledges the cause of action to be just.
Coin, metallic money stamped by Government.
Collateral Security, is that which is indirect, or over and above the principal obligation. Commandite, vide Societé.
Commission, an agent's per-centage.
Company, an association of two or more persons in partnership. Composition with Creditors, an agreement by which creditors take a proportion in lieu of the whole of their claims, and acquit the debtor. Concession, Fr., a public grant or privilege to parties termed Concessionaires. Consignment, the transmission of merchandise by an individual in one place, termed the consigner, to an individual in another place, termed the consignee, to be at his disposal under expressed or implied conditions.
Consolidated Fund, a term applied in the British national accounts, since 1786, to the aggregation then effected of the various revenues or funds chargeable with the payment of certain annuities due to the public.
Consols, a Stock Exchange term for the 3 per cent. consolidated annuities. Consumption, in Political Economy, the destruction wholly, or in part, of any portions of wealth. Productive consumption is the employment or consumption of wealth by the capitalist with a view to future production. Unproductive consumption, or spending, is the consumption of wealth as revenue, with a view to the final purpose of all production-subsistance and enjoyment; but not with a view to profit.
Contango, or Continuation, a Stock Exchange term for the sum paid per share, or per cent., for carrying over the settlement of shares, etc., from one account day to another.
Cost Book Principle, a species of mining partnership: the cost book being the account-book of the purser with the adventurers, with their names and regulations; and on which a balance being struck, usually monthly, and approved, a call is made, or a dividend paid, as the case may be.
Coupons, (Fr.), dividend warrants appended to bonds, which are severally cut off for presentation as they fall due.