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Inventions and Discoveries: Germany
Press, hydraulic (Bramah) 1817 Press, for stamping leather, etc. (Lobsinger, at Nuremberg) Pressing-boards in England Pressing-boards in Germany (Kanter, at Königsberg) Printing, art of (Johann Guttenberg) Printing-press, by the same A. D. 1436 Printing-press, iron Printing in dyes, in Germany 1460 Prussian blue (Diesbach) 1704 Prussic acid, discovered by Sheele 1782 Puddling with gas-fires 1840 Pump (Ketsibios) B. C. 100 Purple known B. C. 2000 Pyrometer (Muschenbroeck) A. D. 1731 Pyrophorus, self-igniting substance (Homberg), also Guy Lussac 1710 Pyrotelegraph (Leon), about 862 Pyroxylic spirit (Braconnot) Pythagorean doctrine (Pythagoras), about 1833 B. C. 55° QUILL pens, before A. D. 600 RAILROADS (Wilkinson, in England) 1767 Railroads, atmospheric (Vallance) 1826 Railroad, underground, in London 1863 Rainbows, explanation of, by Theodoricus d'Apolda 1300 Raised print for the blind, invented by Charles Barbier 1830 Ram, hydraulic (Montgolfier) 1792 Ramrods, iron (Leopold von Dessau) 1730 Refining-houses in Germany 1350 Refining-houses (Math. Meth, surgeon in Langensalza) 1579 Reflecting sextant (Hadley's) 1731 Reflecting stereoscope (Wheatstone) 1838 Reflecting telescope (Mersenne) 1639 Repeating watches (Huyghens) 1650 Reversing pendulum (Bohnenberger) 1810 Revolver (Colt, in America) 1851 Rhinoplastic operation, construction of (artificial noses, Branca) Riband and laceworkers in Augsburg, as early as 1442 1403 Riband-mill (lace frame) in Leyden 1610 Rice-culture, in Lombardy 1522 Riding-saddles 380 Rockets, first mentioned by Marcius Gräcus 845 Rockets, Congreve (Congreve) 1804 Rolling-machine (Hall, in the Tyrol) Ropes, flat (Mügling, in Germany) Rubidium and casium, discovered by spectrum analysis Ruby glass, produced (Bühler and Schweighäuser) SAFES, fire-proof (William Marr) A. D. 1834 Safety-lamp (Sir Humphrey Davy) Sail windmill • 540 Sal-ammoniac (Gallican) B. C. 80 Salting herrings in Pomerania, known A. D. 1182 Saw, circular (Gervinus, in Germany) 1780 Saw-gin, machine for the separation of cotton from the pod (Whitney) 1793 Sawmills, in Germany 330 Scales (for weighing) known to the ancients.