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Of the Romans: Francis
Pope Leo Χ. 1515 Francis I. King of France. -- Battle of Marignan, in which the French defeat the Swiss. 1516 Charles I. (Emperor Charles V.) King of Spain, -- Barbarossa seizes the kingdom of Algiers. 1517 The Reformation in Germany begun by Luther.
The Turks put an end to the reign of the Mamelukes in Egypt. 1518 Leo X. condemns Luther's doctrines. 1519 CHARLES V. Emperor of Germany.
Magellan explores the South Seas. 1520 ‡ Solyman II. (the Magnificent) Emperor of the Turks. Sweden and Denmark united.
Massacre of Stockholm by Christiern II. and Archbishop Trollo. 1521 Pope Adrian VI. -- Gustavus Vasa King of Sweden.
Cortez completes the conquest of Mexico. 1522 The first vovage round the world performed by a ship of Magellan's squadron. Rhodes taken by the Turks. 1523 Solyman the Magnificent takes Belgrade. -- Pope Clement VII. 1524 Sweden and Denmark embrace the Protestant faith, 1525 Battle of Pavia, in which Francis I. is taken prisoner by Charles V. 1526 Treaty of Madrid between Charles V. and Francis I. when the latter is set at liberty. 1527 Rome taken and plundered by Charles V. - Pizarro and Almagro invade the empire of Peru. 1528 Revolution of Genoa by Andrea Doria. -- Gustavus Ericson crowned King of Sweden. 1529 Diet of Spires against the Huguenots, then first termed Protestants Peace of Cambray, August 5. 1530 The league of Smalcald between the Protestants. 1531 Michael Servetus burnt for heresy at Geneva. 1532 The treaty of Nuremberg, August 2.
The Court of Session in Scotland new-modelled by James V. 1534 The Reformation takes place in England.
Pope Paul III.
Barbarossa seizes the kingdom of Tunis.
Jack of Leyden heads the Anabaptists at Munster. 1535 The society of the Jesuits instituted by Ignatius Loyola. A. D. 1535 Expedition of Charles V. against Tunis. 1538 Treaty of Nice between Charles V. and Francis I. -- The Bible in English appointed to be read in the Churches of England. 1540 Dissolution of the monastaries in England by Henry VIII. 1542 Defeat of the Scots at Solway Moss. - MARY Queen of Scotland. 1544 The French defeat the troops of Charles V. in the battle of Cerizoles. The treaty of Crepi. 1545 The Council of Trent begins, which continued eighteen years. - The Scots defeat the English at Ancram Muir. 1546 Cardinal Beaton, Archbishop of St. Andrews', assassinated. 1547 Fiesco's conspiracy at Genoa.