Aiton’s Encyclopedia
A Practical Reference Library in Five Volumes — keyed from the public-domain original
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Charon

ka'ron, in classical mythology, the ferryman whose duty it was to transport the souls of the dead over the rivers of the lower world. Charon was the son of Erebus and Nox. He is described as an old man, gloomy and sad of countenance, with a matted beard and squalid clothing.

Lucian, a Greek writer of the second century, in his Dialogues of the Dead, represents the souls of the dead as offering Charon excuses for delaying their passage across the stream from which there is no return. In Ben Jonson's tragedy, Catiline, so many souls are represented as seeking passage at one time in Charon's boat that

The rugged Charon fainted,
And asked a navy rather than a boat,
To ferry over the sad world that came.

Charon is represented by some writers as bearing the souls first over the Acheron, then over the Cocytus, and lastly over the Styx. In the sixth book of the Aeneid, Aeneas descends to the lower world with his guide, and finds Charon on the shores of the river Acheron, where it empties into the Cocytus. Virgil does not keep the rivers distinct, however, for Aeneas is taken across the "Stygian flood" in Charon's boat. Charon's fee was a small coin--an obolus or a danace which, at the time of burial, was placed in the mouth of the deceased.

There Charon stands, who rules the dreary coasts;
A sordid god; down from his hoary chin
A length of beard descends, uncomb'd, unclean;
His eyes like hollow furnaces on fire;
A girdle foul with grease binds his obscene attire.
He spreads his canvas, with his pole he steers;
The freights of flitting ghosts in his thin bottom bears.
He look'd in years, yet in his years were seen
A youthful vigor, an autumnal green.--Virgil.
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