Hell Gate

a rocky channel in the East River at New York, noted for its danger to navigation. The tide pours in at each end and subjects ships to the dangers of being broken up on the jagged rocks. Irving has made Hell Gate, its shoals, whirlpools, and brawling breakers famous. The damage to shipping was so great that numerous surveys were made with a view to improving the channel. In 1869 work began in earnest Operations were rendered difficult by the proximity of expensive buildings. Nearly four miles of tunnels were constructed, and thousands of drill holes charged with dynamite. Over twelve acres of reefs were broken up, and all without damage even to a window. The work was pushed forward rapidly. A channel of a depth sufficient to permit the passage of the largest ocean going vessels was secured.