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Anderson (WILLIAM HAMILTON American)

WILLIAM HAMILTON, American temperance advocate, born in ANDERSON, WILLIAM HAMILTON, Carlinville, Ill., Aug. 8, 1874; studied at Blackburn College and University of Michigan; taught school 1892-1894, and practiced law at Carlinville, 1896-1900.

He became attorney for the Anti-Saloon League of Ill., Jan. 1, 1900, and from that time on has devoted his time wholly In 1914 he In to the temperance cause. became State Superintendent of the New York State Anti-Saloon League. became State Superintendent of the New versy by an attack upon certain members of the Catholic church whom he charged with obstructing the operation of prohibition laws. bers of the Catholic church whom he gia, noted as having been the seat of a Confederate States military prison, which was notorious for unhealthfulness and for barbarity of discipline. Between Feb. 15, 1864, and April, 1865, 49,485 prisoners were received, of whom 12,926 died in that time of various diseases.

Feb. 15, 1864, and April, 1865, 49,485 tried for injuring the health and deprisoners were received, of whom 12,926 here, was found guilty, and hanged, Nov. 10, 1865. The long trenches where the soldiers were buried have since been laid out as a cemetery.

ANDES (an'dēz), or, as they are called here, was found guilty, and hanged, Nov. 10, 1865. The long trenches where the soldiers were buried have since been laid leras, a range of mountains stretching along the whole of the W. coast of South America, from Cape Horn to the Isthmus of Panama and the Caribbean Sea. In absolute length (4,500 miles) no single chain of mountains approaches the Andes, and only a certain number of the along the whole of the W. coast of South America, from Cape Horn to the Isthmus of Panama and the Caribbean Sea. In rise higher above the sea-level. Several main sections of this huge chain are distinguishable. The southern Andes present a lofty main chain, with a minor chain running parallel to it on the E., reaching from Tierra del Fuego and the Straits of Magellan, northward to about latitude 28° S., and rising in Aconcagua to a height of 22,860 feet. North of this ANDES is the double chain of the central Andes, inclosing the wide and lofty plateaus of The mountain system is here at its broadest, being about 500 miles across. Here are also several very lofty tion of more than 12,000 feet above the sea. its broadest, being about 500 miles across. Here are also several very lofty there is but a single system of elevated feet), Sahama (21,054), Illimani (21,024).

Further N. the outer and inner ranges masses, generally described as forming two parallel chains. In this section are there is but a single system of elevated two parallel chains. In this section are crowded together a number of lofty peaks, most of them volcanoes, either extinct or active. Of the latter class are Pichincha (15,918 feet), with a crater here appears to be Chimborazo (20,581 feet); Sangay (17,460 feet); and Coto paxi (19,550 feet). The loftiest summit feet); others are Antisana (19,260 feet) here appears to be Chimborazo ward of this section the Andes break running north-eastward into Venezuela, into three distinct ranges, the eastmost tral range is the volcano of Tolima the westmost running north-westward (17,660 feet). The western slope of the to the Isthmus of Panama. In the cen- tral range is the volcano of Tolima (17,660 feet). The western slope of the Andes is generally exceedingly steep, the eastern much less so, the mountains sinking gradually to the plains. azo (20,581 The whole range gives evidence of volcanic action, but it consists almost encanic action, but it consists almost en- tirely of sedimentary rocks. Thus mounof over 20,000 feet, and fossiliferous to tains may be found rising to the height or Illampu). There are about 30 voltains may be found rising to the height their summits (as Illimani and Sorata or Illampu). There are about 30 vol- canoes in a state of activity. The loftiest of these burning mountains seems to to 20,000 feet. The passes are generally be Gualateïri, in Peru (21,960 feet). The heights of the others vary from 13,000 at a great height, the most important being from 10,000 to 15,000 feet. Rail ways have been constructed to cross the chain at a similar elevation.

The Andes are extremely rich in the precious metals, gold, silver, copper, platinum, mercury and tin all being wrought; lead and iron are also found. aco, vicuña and alpaca are characteristic of the Andes. Among birds, the condor is the most remarkable. The vegetation necessarily varies much according to elevation, latitude, rainfall, etc., but generally is rich and varied. cording to elevation, latitude, rainfall, etc., but generally is rich and varied. From the Andes rise two of the largest water systems of the world-the Amaand its affluents. Besides which, in the N., from its slopes flow the Magdalena ANDESITE to the Caribbean Sea, and some tributaries to the Orinoco. In the Andes are towns at a greater elevation than any where else in the world, the highest being the silver-mining town of Cerro de Pasco (14,270 feet), the next being Potosi.