Argenta
a city of Arkansas, in Pulaski co. It is on the Arkansas river, and on the St. Louis Southwestern, the ARGENTA, a city of Arkansas, in and on the St. Louis Southwestern, the St. Louis, Iron Mountain, and Southern, and the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific railroads. The chief industries are railroad shops, cotton and oil mills, and boiler and iron works. There is a hoiof an important agricultural region. Pop. tal and other public institutions. Fuel is supplied by natural gas. It is the center (1910) 11,138; (1920) 14,048. of an important agricultural region. Pop. (1910) 11,138; (1920) 14,048. ARGENTINA, or ARGENTINE RE- PUBLIC, formerly called the United miles; average breadth a little over 500 Provinces of La Plata, a vast country of South America; extreme length 2,300 miles; total area, 1,138,000 square miles.
It is bounded on the N. by Bolivia; on the E. by Paraguay, Brazil, Uruguay, and the Atlantic; on the S. by the Antarctic Ocean; and on the W. by Chile. Pop. (1918) 8,280,266.
Natural Divisions. It comprises four great natural divisons: (1) The Andine region, containing the provinces of Mendoza, San Juan, Rioja, Catamarca, Tucuman, Salta, and Jujuy. (2) The Pampas, containing the provinces of Santiago, Santa Fé, Cordova, San Luis, and Buenos Aires; with the territories Formosa, Santa Fé, Cordova, San Luis, and Buenos ARGENTINA Mesopotamia, between the rivers Parana and Uruguay, containing the provinces of Entre Rios and Corrientes, and the territory Misiones. (4) Patagonia, including the eastern half of Tierra del Fuego.
With the exception of the N. W., where lateral branches of the Andes run into the plain for 150 or 200 miles, and the province of Entre Rios, which is hilly, the characteristic feature of the country is the great monotonous and level plains called pampas. In the N. these plains are partly forest-covered, but all the central and S. parts present vast treeless tracts, which afford pasture to immense herds of horses, oxen, and sheep.
Water Courses. - The great water course of the coutry is the Paraná, having a length of fully 2,000 miles from its source in the mountains of Goyaz, Brazil, to its junction with the Uruguay, where begins the estuary of La Plata. The Paraná is formed by the union of the Upper Paraná and Paraguay rivers, near the N. E. corner of the country. Important tributaries are the Pilcomayo, the Vermejo, and the Salado. The Paraná, Paraguay, and Uruguay are valuable for internal navigation. Not connected with the La Plata system are the Colorado and the Rio Negro, Negro, the latter formerly the S. boundary of the country, separating it from Patagonia. The source of the Negro is Lake Nahuel Huapi, in Patagonia (area, 1,200 square miles), in the midst of magnificent scenery. The level portions of the country are mostly of tertiary formation, and the river and coast regions consist mainly of alluvial soil of great fertility. In the pampas clay have been found the fossil remains of extinct mammalia, some of them of colossal size.
Productions.--European grains and fruits, including the vine, have been successfully introduced, and are cultivated to some extent in most parts of the republic, but the great wealth of the state lies in its countless herds of cattle and horses and flocks of sheep, which are pastured on the pampas, and which multiply there very rapidly. Gold, silver, nickel, copper, tin, lead, and iron, besides marble, jasper, precious stones, and bitumen are found in the mountainous districts of the northwest, while petroleum wells have been discovered on the Rio Vermejo.
Argentina has developed in the last decade greatly in agriculture and stock raising, which are the principal sources of wealth of the country. There are estimated to be over 250,000,000 acres suitable for agriculture and grazing, and an additional 10,000,000 acres can be made available by irrigation. The acreage and production of the principal crops in 1918- ARGENTINA 1919 was as follows: wheat 17,175,000 acres, 5,015,000 tons; oats, 3,015,000 acres, 640,000 tons; flax, 3,466,625 acres, 705,000 tons. The production of maize and corn in 1917 was 4,335,000 tons.
There were in the country in 1918 about 3,000,000 head of cattle. The world demand for grain and meat, following the end of the World War, conditioned great prosperity in Argentina,
Commerce. The total value of the trade in 1917 was 1,307,392,000 pesos, gold (a peso equals 96.4 cents). The imports amounted to 480,896,000 pesos, and the exports to 826,496,000 pesos, leaving a balance in favor of Argentina of 345,600,000 pesos. The exports exceeded those of any former year both in bulk and value. The chief imports were from the United States, amounting to 169,500,000 pesos. The chief exports were to the United Kingdom, amounting to 305,800,000 pesos. The large increase in the exports to the United Kingdom during 1917 was due largely to shipments of wheat. The exports to the United States were valued at 165,- 100,000 pesos. In addition to wheat, the chief exports were flour, linseed, corn, oats, and meat. over Education.- Education in the elementary grades is free and is carried on under subsidiaries by provincial boards of education. There are nearly 9,000 public primary schools, with
1,000,000 pupils and about 32,000 teachers. There are also about 1,000 private primary schools, with about 77,000 pupils and about 4,000 teachers. Secondary education is carried on through 37 national colleges, which are attended by about 12,000 pupils. There are also many normal schools and schools for special instruction, etc. There are 5 national universities, those of Buenos Aires, La Plata, Cordova, Santa Fé and Tucuman. There are over 10,000 students at the University of Buenos Aires. The total expenditure for educational purposes in 1918 was about 60,000,000 paper dollars.
Finance. The total revenue in 1918 was 373,412,306 paper dollars, and the expenditures 390,989,480 paper dollars.
The paper dollar has the value of about 42c. in American money. The chief expenditures are for the public debt, education, army, navy, and pensions. Transportation. - There were in 1918 about 22,500 miles of railway, of which about 4,000 belonged to the state. Vessels entering the harbors and ports number nearly 50,000 annually. There were about 3,500 post offices and about 44,000 miles of telegraph, of which about 24,000 are national.
ARGENTINA all. The publication of this correspond- ence caused great excitement both in Army and Navy. There is a compul- all. The publication of this correspondsory military law which has produced an efficient army. There are five mili- tary districts, each of which supplies a division of 20,000 men, with a reserve of about 250,000. The navy includes two large dreadnoughts of nearly 30,000 tons each. There are also armored cruisers, protective cruisers, gun boats, torpedo boats and miscellaneous craft.
People. As a whole, this vast country is very thinly inhabited, some parts of it as yet being very little known. The native Indians were never very numerous, and have given little trouble to the European settlers. Tribes of them yet in the savage state still inhabit the less known districts, and live by hunting and fishing. Some of the Gran Chaco tribes are said to be very fierce, and European travelers have been killed by them. The European element is strong in the republic, more than half of the population being Europeans or of pure European descent. The typical inhabitants of pean descent. The typical inhabitants of the pampas are the Gauchos, a race of breakers.
History. The river La Plata was discovered in 1512 by the Spanish navigator Juan Diaz de Solis, and the La Plata territory had been brought into the possession of Spain by the end of cast off the Spanish rule, and in 1816 the independence of the United States of the Rio de la Plata was formally declared. The present constitution dates from 1853, being subsequently modified.
The executive power is vested in a President, elected by the representatives of the 14 provinces for a term of six A National Congress of two years.
The executive power is vested in a President, elected by the representatives of the 14 provinces for a term of six The capital of the republic is BUENOS AIRES (q. v.). Argentina was the only important South American country which did not break off diplomatic relations with Germany during the war. This caused great discontent among the people of the country. The failure to sever relations with Germany was at tributed largely to the activities of Count Carl Luxburg, the German minister. He was extremely active carrying on German propaganda and this came to a head in September, 1917, when telegrams from him to the German War Office were made public. ing on German propaganda and this damaging g matter, the most famous conence caused great excitement both in before this had been strongly the United States and in Europe. Luxburg was recalled. Public sentiment even In April a mob wrecked the offices of goyen, who had apparently strong German sympathies, was bitterly attacked. the German newspapers in Buenos In April a mob wrecked the offices of Aires and attacked the German legation.
These disturbances were quieted, but the Luxburg correspondence. broke out again on the publication of were serious industrial disturbances in 1919, including strikes in the port of ers and police occurred and many per- sons were killed. The strike spread throughout the country and threatened ers and police occurred and many persons were killed. The strike spread throughout the country and threatened to be general, but was finally ended without more serious trouble. During the year there were over 260 strikes, involving about 265,000 workmen.
There variety of calc-spar, containing a little silica with laminæ usually undulated. It variety of calc-spar, containing a little is found in primitive rocks and frealso the name of a small British fish also the name of a small British fish (scopelus borealis), less than two inches long, and of a silvery color.