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Billings (JOHN SHAW an Amer- SHAW)

JOHN SHAW, an Amer- SHAW, an Amerzerland co., Ind., April 12, 1839; was graduated at Miami University, in 1857, and the Ohio Medical College, in 1860; BILLINGS was demonstrator of anatomy in the last institution, in 1860-1861; entered the Union army as an Assistant Surgeon, in 1861; was promoted to Lieutenant- Colonel and Deputy Surgeon General, June 6, 1864; and was retired, Oct. 1, 1895. He was Professor of Hygiene in the University of Pennsylvania, in 1893- 1896; and in the last year was appointed Director of the New York Public Library (Astor, Lenox and Tilden foundations).

After the close of the war Dr. Billings took charge of the library in the Surgeon- General's Office; reorganized the United States Marine Hospital Service; was Vice-President of the National Board of Health, in 1879-1882; and had charge of the compilation of vital and social statis. tics in the Eleventh Census (1890, et seq.). He was a member of a large number of American and foreign scientific societies, and his numerous publications include "Principles of Ventilation and Heating," "Index Catalogue of the Library of the Surgeon-General's Office, United States Army" (14 vols.), and "The National Medical Dictionary" (2 vols.); "Some Library Problems of Tomorrow" (1902); "Physiological Aspect of the Library Question" (1903). He died in 1913.