Bougainville
LOUIS ANTOINE born in Paris, Nov. 11, 1729. At first a lawyer, he afterward entered the army cipally owing to his exertions, in 1758, Marquis of Montcalm, and it was principally owing to his exertions, in 1758, that a body of 5,000 French withstood successfully a British army of 16,000 men. After the battle of Sept. 13, 1759, returned to France and served with disin which Montcalm was killed and the returned to France and served with disand His Works" (1860). "Mouths of the Rhône"), a department tinction in the campaign of 1761, in Gerof the S. of France, in ancient Provence, many. After the peace he entered the Chief town, Marseilles. Area, 1,971 navy, and became a distinguished naval mand of a colonizing expedition to the of the S. of France, in ancient Provence. river. The climate is generally very warm; but the department is liable to Falkland Islands, but as the Spaniards the mistral, a cold and violent N. E. wind had a prior claim the project was abanfrom the Cevennes ranges. Much of the doned. Bougainville then made a voyage soil is unfruitful, but the fine climate round the world, which enriched geog- In the American War of Independence he makes the cultivation of figs, olives, nuts, raphy with a number of new discoveries. almonds, etc., successful. The factures are principally soap, brandy, distinguished himself at sea, but withalmonds, etc., very successful. The manution. He died in Paris, August 31, 1811. BOUGAINVILLE ISLAND, an island leather, glass, etc. The fisheries are factures are principally soap, brandy, and productive. Pop. about in the Pacific Ocean, belonging to the Solomon group (area, 4,000 square It is separated from Choiseul merous 806,000. leather, glass, etc. The fisheries are nu- merous and productive. Pop. about dramatic author and actor, born in Dublin, Dec. 26, 1822; educated at London University. He produced his first dramatic author and actor, born in Dubfore he was 19 years old. Its great success determined his career in life. Once embarked in the profession of a play fore he was 19 years old. Its great sucpiece in rapid succession. "Old Heads and Young Hearts," "Love in a Maze," embarked in the profession of a play writer, Boucicault produced piece after piece in rapid succession. "Old Heads drew the service after the Revolumiles).
Island by Bougainville Strait.
Island by Bougainville Strait. ville, the French navigator), a genus of tives of the tropics and sub-tropics of both hemispheres, although they have gardens in the milder temperate climates.
English-American landscape and genre painter, born near Norwich, England, in BOUGIE 1834. His parents came to the United States in 1839, and settled in Albany. He studied art without a master, and, in 1853, went to London and Paris to continue his studies. Since 1861, he has resided in London. His best pictures are "The Idyl of the Birds," "The Scarlet Letter," "Puritans Going to Church," and "The Return of the May Flowers." He was a National Academician, and an Associate of the Royal Academy. He died Jan. 19, 1905.
BOUGIE (bö-zhē), a port of Algeria, on the Bay of Bougie, 120 miles E. of Algiers. Bougie was the Salde of the Romans, and, in the 5th century, was a chief seat of the Vandals; under the Arabs it was raised to such importance that it was called Little Mecca, and was the entrepôt of the trade between Christendom and north Africa; but after various vicissitudes, it had sunk to a small village in 1833, when the French caphave since rendered it a strong fortress, the place. Their extensive works and a commercial center of some value.
Pop. about 19,000.