Collier's New Encyclopedia

A complete general encyclopedia of 1921 — the world as it was understood just after the Great War, from Aachen to Zwingli, across twelve volumes and six thousand pages.

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Chlorite

a mineral of a grassgreen color, opaque, usually friable or easily pulverized, composed of little spangles, scales, prisms, or shining small grains, and consisting of silica, alumina, magnesia, and protoxide of iron. It is closely allied in character to mica and talc.

CHLOROFORM (CHCl3, trichloromethane), is formed by the action of the sun's rays on a mixture of chlorine and marsh gas; also by the action of caustic potash on chloral or chloracetic acid, or by the action of nascent hydrogen on tetrachloride of carbon. It is prepared on a large scale by distilling water and alcohol with bleaching powder. Chloroform is a colorless, mobile, heavy, ethereal liquid. Specific gravity, 1.5. It boils at 62°; its vapor density is four times that of air; it is nearly insoluble in water, but dissolves readily in alcohol. It has a sweet taste. It dissolves caoutchouc, resins, fats, alkaloids, etc.

It should not be exposed to the light, as it may decompose, hydrochloric acid and chlorine being set free.

Chloroform is used in medicine, dissolved in alcohol, under the name of chloric ether, as a stimulant. Chloroform taken internally acts as a narcotic, sedative, and antispasmodic, and is given in cases of asthma, colic, and cholera, also for neuralgia. Linimentum Chloroformi, equal parts of Chloroform and camphor liniment, is used externally to allay pain and irritation in neuralgia and itching.

The vapor of Chloroform, when inhaled for some time, produces a temporary insensibility to pain. Inhaled in small doses it it produces pleasurable inebriation, followed by drowsiness; in larger doses it causes loss of voluntary motion, suspension of mental faculties, with slight contraction of the muscles and rigidity of the limbs; then if the inhalation is continued a complete relaxation of the voluntary muscles takes place, but if carried too far it causes dangerous symptoms of apnea or of syncope, and the patient must be restored by artificial respiration. Chloroform should not be administered to persons suffering from cerebral disease or organic cardiac affection. Dr. Simpson, of Edinburgh, in 1847, began to employ the vapor as a means of producing anesthesia or insensibility, partial or complete.

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