Claude Lorraine
a landscapepainter whose real name was Claude Gelée, but who was called Lorraine from the province where he was born in 1600.
When 12 years old he went to live with his brother, an engraver in wood at Freiburg, went from him to study under Godfrey Watts at Naples, and was afterward employed at Rome by the painter Agostino Tassi, to grind his colors and do the household drudgery. On leaving Tassi he traveled in Italy, France, and Germany, but settled in 1627 in Rome, where his works were greatly sought for, and where he lived much at his ease until 1682, when he died of gout. The principal galleries of Italy, France, Eng- CLAUDIUS I. land, Spain, and Germany are adorned with his paintings; that on which he him self set the greatest value being the painting of a small wood belonging to the Villa Madama (Rome). He excelled in luminous atmospheric effects, of which he made loving and elaborate studies.
His figure work, however, was inferior, and the figures in many of his paintings were supplied by Lauri and Francesco Allegrini. He made small copies of all his pictures in six books known as "Libri di Verità" (Books of Truth), which form a work of great value (usually called the Liber Veritatis), and much esteemed by students.
CLAUDIUS I., TIBERIUS DRUSUS NERO, surnamed Germanicus, and Britannicus, the fourth Emperor of Rome; born in Lyons, 10 B. C. After spending 50 years of his life in a private station, unhonored, and but little known, he was, on the murder of Caligula, his nephew, A. D. 41, proclaimed Emperor by the soldiers, and confirmed in the sovereignty by the Senate. At first he performed some praiseworthy acts, but he soon became contemptible for his debauchery and voluptuousness; and he died, A. D. 54, of poison administered by his second wife, Agrippina. Claudius went to Britain two years after his accession, and made it a Roman province. He built the port of Ostia, the Claudian aqueduct, and executed other great works.
CLAUDIUS II., MARCUS AURELIUS FLAVIUS, surnamed Gothicus, Roman Emperor; born in Illyria, A. D. 214, was raised to the throne on the death of Gallienus, in 268, and by his virtues as well as his splendid victories over the Goths, proved himself worthy of his exalted station. He died in A. D. 270. CLAXTON and slew her. The popular indignation and the father's appeal to the army overthrew the decemviri, and the proud Appius was flung into prison, where he died by his own hand. The story is specially familiar to English readers from Macaulay's "Lays."