Dukla Pass
the largest and most accessible pass through the Carpathian Mountains. Through this the Austrians conducted their main operations against the Russians in the southernmost part of the eastern front, during the first six months of the World War. On Dec. 25, 1914, the Russians began a strong offensive into the Carpathians which resulted in their capture of all the passes through the mountains, including Dukla.
In the spring campaign of 1915 the Austrians attempted to recapture the Carpathian passes, and sanguinary battles were fought in this region, especially in Dukla, where the Russians retained their positions, being dislodged from all the others, with one exception, Lupkow Pass.
The final Russian retirement from the Carpathian passes was caused by lack of munitions and other war supplies, rather than by the assaults of the enemy.