Elkhart
a city in Elkhart co., Ind., at the confluence of the St. Joseph and Elkhart rivers and on the Big Four, the Lake Shore, and St. Joseph Valley, Chicago, South Bend and Northern Indiana railroads, 101 miles E. of Chicago. It is a center and shipping point for a large agricultural region. The rivers afford excellent water power. A large dam and power house were erected in 1913. The Lake Shore railroad shops are located here and the manufacturing interests include brass, carriage, starch, machinery, gas generators, rubber and paper. Elkhart is the seat of Elkhart Institute, and has public schools, business colleges, and high school, daily and weekly newspapers, gas and electric lights, electric railways, water works, and a National bank. Pop. (1910) 19,- 282; (1920) 24,277.
COCKATOO COCHIN COCHIN, a small native state of India, Roméo," "Le Manuscrit de M. Larsonon the S. W. or Malabar coast, connected nier," "Boccace," "Un Ami de Péwith the presidency of Madras, inter- trarque," "Le Frère de Pétrarque,” "La sected by numerous rapid streams. Chief products: Timber, rice. Area, 1,361 square miles; pop. about 1,000,000, partly belonging to the Jacobite and Nestorian Churches established here in early times.
The capital is Ernakolam.
COCHIN CHINA, a country forming part of the peninsula of southeastern Asia, and generally regarded as comprising the whole of ANAM (q. v.) and Lower or French Cochin China. The latter belonged to Anam till, in 1863, a portion of it was ceded to France after a war occasioned by the persecution of French missionaries; another portion being declared French territory in 1867.
The territory thus acquired covers about 20,000 square miles. Pop. about 3,- 050,785. It is now organized into four provinces and 21 arrondissements In the low and wet grounds much rice is grown. In the more elevated districts are grown tobacco, sugar-cane, maize, indigo, and betel. Among the other products are tea, gums, cocoanut oil, silk, spices.
Industrial arts are as yet limited among the natives. But they excel in the use of wood, of which their temples, pagodas, and tombs are built, being ornamented with elaborate carving. They live in villages adjacent to the rivers, which form the chief means of communication. The principal export is rice, mainly to China; cotton and silk are also exported. The majority of the inhabitants are Anamese. In their monosyllabic language, their religious tendencies toward Buddhism or the system of Confucius, and in their social customs they much resemble the Chinese. Upper Cochin China is the name sometimes given to the narrow strip of land on the E. coast of Anam between the mountains and the sea extending from Tonquin on the N. to Champa on the S., or from about 18° to 11° N. In the World Vita Nuova de Dante traduite et commentée," "Tableaux flamands," "Jubilés d'Italie," "Lamartine et la Flandre," "Les deux Guerres," "L'Œuvre de guerre du peintre Albert Besnard," this last appearing in 1918.
COCHINEAL, a dye-stuff employed in dyeing scarlet and crimson; consists of the bodies of the females of a species of Coccus, called C. cacti, because it feeds upon plants of the Cactus family, particularly on one, therefore designated the cochineal plant. The cochineal insect is a small creature, a pound of Cochineal being calculated to contain 70,000 in a dried state. The male is of a deep red color, and has white wings. The female, which is wingless, is of a deep brownish color. When a plantation of the cochineal plant has been formed the cultivator (nopalero) procures branches laden with cochineal insects and after the eggs are laid places the females with the eggs which they cover in nests of a soft substance upon the cochineal plants, and the young insects, when hatched, soon spread over them. The insects are killed by boiling water, by heating them in ovens, or by exposure to the heat of the sun. They must be speedily killed to prevent them from laying their eggs, which diminishes their value.
COCHINEAL FIG, a name given to Opuntia cochinillifera and two other species of cacti, natives of Mexico and the West Indies, the plants on which the cochineal insect lives.
COCHLEA (kok'lē-a), an important part of the internal ear, so called from its shape, which resembles that of a snail-shell. its Co- War of 1914-1918 Anamite troops fought with the French in the Balkan campaigns.
COCHIN, HENRY DENYS BENOÎT A French author, born in MARIE.
Paris in 1854. He was educated at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand, graduating in literature and law. During the Franco- German war he was a volunteer in the 17th batallion of the Garde Nationale.
In 1877 he became attaché to the Minister of the Interior; and deputy in 1893, remaining in the Chamber till 1914, when he retired in favor of his son. For four years he was Conseiller Général of the North. His works include: "Giulietta et COCHLEARIA, a genus of cruciferous plants, including the horse-radish and common scurvy-grass.
COCKADE, a plume of cock's feathers with which the the Croats in the service of the French in the 17th century adorned their caps. A bow of colored ribbon was adopted for the cockade in France, and during the French revolution the tricolored cockade-red, white, and bluebecame the National distinction. National cockades are now to be found over all Europe.
COCKATOO (Plyctolophus), a genus of birds of the parrot family, but distinguished from true parrots by the greater heights of the bill, and its being curved from the base, and by the lengthened, broad, and rounded tail. A crest of long and pointed feathers can be erected and COCKATRICE expanded like a fan. The true cockatoos are also all of generally whitish plumage, but often finely tinged with ① ② COCKATOO 1. Roseate Cockatoo. 2. Head of Black Cockatoo.
Π red, orange, and other colors, or mixed with these colors.
COCKATRICE, a fabulous monster anciently believed to be hatched from a cock's egg. It is often simply another name for the basilisk.
COCKBURN, SIR ALEXANDER, an English jurist; born Dec. 24, 1802; studied at Cambridge; was called to the bar in 1829, and soon became distinguished as a pleader before Parliamentary committees. In 1847 he became member of Parliament for Southampton in the Liberal interest; became Solicitor- General and was knighted in 1850; was made Chief-Justice of the Common Pleas in 1856; and Lord Chief-Justice in 1859. He presided at the Tichborne and other famous trials. He represented Great Britain at the Geneva arbitration in the "Alabama" case. He died Nov. 20, 1880.
COCK CHAFER, the popular name of a lamellicorn beetle, Melolontha vulgaris, found in England. The larvæ are found in dung or in decaying vegetable matter or buried in the ground.
COCKRAN COCKER, a dog of the spaniel kind, allied to the Blenheim dog, used for raising woodcocks and snipes from their haunts in woods and marshes.
COCK-FIGHTING, an amusement practiced in various countries, first perhaps among the Greeks and Romans. At Athens there were annual cock-fights, and among the Romans quails and partridges were also used for this purpose. It was formerly a popular sport with the British. In Cuba and the Philippines it enjoys great favor. Cockfighting is generally prohibited by local laws in the United States.
COCKLE, a plant, Lychnis Githago, formerly called agrostemma githago. Its fuller English name is corn-cockle. It is an erect-branched plant, between one and two feet high with large purple flowers.
It is also the popular name of the shells classed by naturalists under the genus Cardium, or the family Cardiadæ.
The most common one is C. edule; it is the one to which the name cockle is most frequently applied.
COCK OF THE PLAINS (Centrocerous urophasiānus), a large North American species of grouse, inhabiting desolate plains in the W. States. COCK OF THE ROCK (Rupicola aurantia), a South American bird of a rich orange color with a beautiful crest, belonging to the manakin family.
COCK OF THE WOODS. See CAPER- CAILZIE.
COCKPIT, in a ship of war, the name still given to the compartment in the lower part of the ship where the wounded are attended to during action. public official, born COCKRAN, WILLIAM BOURKE, an American lawyer and public official, in Sligo, Ireland, Ireland, in 1854. cated in France and Ireland and at Georgetown College, from which he graduated in 1900. After his removal to the United States in 1871 he taught school in Westchester co., N. Y. He was admitted to the bar in 1876 and soon became prominent in New York politics.
He was delegate to many conventions, where he became well known as an orator. He opposed the nomination of Grover Cleveland in 1884 and 1892. He was a member of the 52d and 53d Congresses. In 1896 he opposed the silver wing of the party and supported McKinley for president. He returned to the Democratic party, however, in 1900, supporting William J. Bryan. He was elected to the 58th Congress in 1904, but later resigned. He was re-elected to the 59th and 60th Congresses, declining Photo U. S. Army Air Service PARIS COLLIER'S NEW ENCYCLOPEDIA A SELF-REVISING REFERENCE WORK WITH LOOSE-LEAF FEATURES IN TEN BOUND VOLUMES WITH 515 ILLUSTRATIONS AND AND NINETY-SIX MAPS, SUPPLEMENTED BY A LOOSE-LEAF VOLUME VOLUME FOUR P. F. COLLIER & SON COMPANY NEW YORK Copyright, 1921 By P. F. COLLIER & SON COMPANY MANUFACTURED IN U. S. A.
GENERAL EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD AND CONTRIBUTING EDITORS DR. WILLIAM A. NEILSON, CHAIRMAN PRESIDENT SMITH COLLEGE, NORTHAMPTON, MASS.
REAR ADMIRAL AUSTIN M. KNIGHT