Galen
or CLAUDIUS GALENUS, a celebrated Greek physician; born in Per- GALEN, or CLAUDIUS GALENUS, a gamus, Mysia, in A. D. 131. In his 19th year he began the study of medicine, first Corinth, and Alexandria. On his return to his native city in 158 he was appointed physician to the school of gladiators.
Six years later he went to Rome and was offered, though he declined, the post of physician to the emperor. phys however, had he returned to his native city when summoned by the Emperors in the Venetian territory, and shortly afterward he accompanied or followed them to Rome (170). There he remained Scarcely, GALENA several years. He attended M. Aurelius and his two sons, Commodus and Sextus, and about the end of the 2d century was employed by the Emperor Severus. Galen was a voluminous writer not only on medical, but also on philosophical subjects, such as logic, ethics, and grammar. The works that are still extant under his name consist of 83 treatises that are acknowledged to be genuine; 19 whose genuineness has been questioned; 45 undoubtedly spurious; 19 fragments; and 15 commentaries on different works of Hippocrates. His most important anatomical and physiological works are: "Of Anatomical Administrations" and "Of the Use of the Parts of the Human Body." As an anatomist, he combined with patient skill and sober observation as a practical dissecter of lower animals, not of the human body-accuracy of description and clearness of exposition as a writer. He is said to have died in Sicily, about A. D. 201.
GALENA (PbS), the sulphide of lead, found both in masses and crystallized in cubes, but sometimes in truncated octahedra; its color is bluish-gray, like lead, but brighter. For the most part it contains about 86.6 per cent. of lead and 13.4 of sulphur, generally some silver and also antimony, zinc, iron, and bismuth. Where the proportion of silver is high it is known as argentiferous galena, and worked with a view to the extraction of this metal. Galena occurs principally in the older or Primary rocks, being found in England mainly in the Mountain Limestone (base of the Carboniferous formation). In the United States it is very abundant, the deposit of galena in which the mines of Illinois are situated being the most extensive and important hitherto discovered.